高中英语因果关系表达解析

内容摘要:英语中表示因果关系的副词|词组,介词短语,连词和动词|词组,以及对与因果关系相关的短语应用分辨解析。

关键词:结果 原因 因果关系

一、英语中表示因果关系的副词 /词组有so, therefore, thus, consequently, as a result/consequence,etc,意为因此,所以。

1.The shops were closed, so I couldn’t buy anything. 商店都关门了,所以我什么也没买到。(so therefore,consequently都可用于句首表结果,因此---)

2. He worked hard,and therefore/thus/consequently,he got good results.

3. Our house burnt down in a fire. As a result, we lived with my aunt.我们的房子在一次火灾中烧毁。因此,我们和姑妈住在一起。As a result须用“,”与句子隔开。

二.高中英语引出原因的介词短语,除了常见的because of , 还有thanks to , as a result of , on account of , due to, owing to 等,这些词语后接名词或名词性短语。

例:1.He walked slowlybecause of his bad leg. 由于他的胆怯,他走得很慢。

2.It was all a great success thanks to a lot of hard work. 由于尽心竭力,这才获得了巨大的成功。

3. As a result of her injuries, she died. 她由于受伤而死。

4.The team’s success was largely due to he r efforts. 这个队的成功很大程度上是由于她的努力。(due to 必须放在句中或句末, 其它介词短语位置不限。)

5.The game was cancelled owing to the heavy rain.因为下大雨,比赛被取消了。

三.表示因果关系的动词/词组:cause, result from/in, lie in, owe……to……等。

例:1.What caused the plants to die?这些植物死于何种原因?

2.He owes his success to hard work.他把成功归因于勤奋。

3.The trouble lies in the engine.麻烦出在发动机上。

He knows where his interest lies.他知道他的兴趣所在。

4. Any damage resulting from negligence must be paid for by the borrowers.因疏忽引起的任何损失应由借用者负责赔偿。

5. Their dispute resulted in war. 他们的争论导致了战争

四、教科书中表示原因的连词主要是because, as, since, for,它们表原因的语气 依次由强变弱,并且引出的表原因的从句与主句出现的情况依时间关系有所不同。区分要点:(1)Because从句发生在主句时间之前,且直接导致主句/结果。(2)As从句表原因时,不强调直接构成唯一的因果关系,这种原因是对方知道的一个原因。(3)Since 从句 表原因时,从句常是现在情况,对今后(主句)情况产生影响,构成因果。(4)for 引出显而易见 的情况或常识,作为支持说明主句或作推测的理由,且for从句放在句末,用“,”与主句隔开。

例:1. I did it because he told me to.因为他让我做,所以我做了那件事。 注:“他告诉我”发生在过去,直接导致“我做事”,because强调直接必然原因。

2.As you were out, I left a message.因为你出去了,所以我留了言。注:“你出去”是“我留言”的一般,其中一个原因,直接原因是“有事”,As引出的从句是主句发生的一般的,其中之一原因,且对方常常知道这种原因,不强调直接导致结果。

3.(1) We thought that ,since we were in the area ,we should stop by and see them.我们认为,既然我们在这个地区,我们就应该停下来去看看他们。

(2)Since you are from China, please say something about Chinese tradition.既然你来自中国,就请你说些有关中国传统的情况。(Since =Now that 引出表当时现存情况,导致对将来作出安排和决定)

4.(1)It must have rained yesterday, for the ground are wet.昨天一定下雨了,因为地很湿。

(2)It is spring now , for the flowers are out. 现在是春天了,因为花开了。

五.其他表因果关系的短语,如now that ,so…that…,such…that…, too…to…, enough…to…, why…, in case…, for fear that-…,etc. 应用解析如下:

1.He came back late not the rain, but he was much too tired.

A.because, because ofB.because of, becauseC.for, forD.because, for (选B)

2. you have got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.

A.Now thatB.AfterC.AlthoughD.As soon as (选A)

3.Mother was worried because Alice was ill, especially …Father was away in France .(1994)

A.asB.so thatC.asifD.unless(选A)

4.(1) I hurriedI wouldn’t be late for class.

A.sinceB.so that C.as ifD. Unless(选B)

(2)Wedid well in the exams we were praised by the teacher.

A.ifB.becauseC.sinceD.so that(选D)

(3)Heisagreat poet weall admire him.

A.such…that B.so…that C.too…toD.enough…to(选A)

(4)He is sleepy he can hardly keep his eyes open.

A.such…that B.so that C.too…to D.enough…to(选B)

(5)finish the task on time,we worked hard.

A.So as to…B.So that… C.In order to…D.In order that(选C)

5. (1).Heis faryoung go on his own.

A.too…to…B.enough…toC.so…as to(选C)

(2) Have you madecopiesgive us each one.(选项同上)(选B)

例:He is brave enough to fetch the case at night 他很勇敢,足可以在晚上去取箱子。

(3) I will have everthing ready not keep youwaiting.

A.enough…toB.too…to…C.so as…to D.in order…to(C,D均正确)

6.(1)He started very early.It washewas the first to come here

A. whyB. becauseC.asD. the reason (选A)

(2) He turnedback. he left his key at home.

A.It is whyB,ItwasbecauseC.Thereasonwas that-D.The resultwasthat (选B和C)

7. A.in case B. for fear that

(1)He isworkinghardhe should fail.(选B)

(2) I ‘ll taketh e umbrella it rains.(选A)

8.The oil must be out,thelight wentout .

A.asB.for C.becauseD.since

注:选B,as ,because,since引导原因状语从句放在句末都不用“,”隔开。For 引出原因,放在句末,用“,”隔开。主句:“油一定用尽了”是推测的结论,这是后句 “灯灭”推理得到的,符合for的用法。

参考文献:

1、《A2 英语语法》

2、《英语知识》