高中英语强调句的基本用法及考点归纳

【摘 要】强调句是高中英语学习的重点句型，本文对强调句的基本结构，句型变化，考试常考的考点进行了总结归纳，以帮助学生熟练掌握该句型的用法。

【关键词】强调句 基本结构 句型 考点

在中学英语教材中，强调句的出现频率还是很高的，而且强调句实用性高，可以与其他结构相结合，因而成为高考常考的句型。对于强调句的基本结构同学们比较容易掌握，但遇到其他句型和特定句式就容易混淆而导致错误的表达和理解。下面是我结合平时教学中的体会，对强调句的基本用法和考点进行的归纳。

一、基本结构

It is/was +被强调的成分+that + 其他成分

如果我们要强调一个句子的某个部分时，就将要强调的那个部分放在It is/was 与that 之间，而句子的其他部分原封不动地直接放在that之后，此结构可以强调谓语动词外的各个成分。

1.强调主语eg：It was he that saw the singer in the park yesterday.

2.强调宾语eg：It was the singer that he saw in the park yesterday.

3.强调状语eg：It was in the park that he saw the singer yesterday.

4.强调补语eg：It is white that he has painted the door.

5.强调表语eg：It is a doctor that he has become.

6.强调从句eg： It was because his bike was broken that he was late for school.

二、强调句的句型

1.肯定句： It is/was +被强调的成分+that+其他成分

2.一般疑问句 （将be动词提前）Is/Was it +被强调的成分+that +其他成分

eg：Was it during the second world war that he died？

3.特殊疑问句 （在一般疑问句的前面加上特殊疑问词）

Who/What/Where/When/How/Why + is/was + it + that+ 其他成分？

eg：Who was it that broke the window yesterday？

What was it that he broke yesterday？

How was it that he broke the window yesterday？

三、强调句的考点归纳

1.强调句与（not）…until 句型的结合

It is/ was until +被强调的成分+that +延续性动词；It is/ was not until+被强调的成分+that+短暂性动词 eg：I didn't leave until it got dark. It was not until it got dark that I left.

He waited until 8：00 this evening.It was until 8：00 this evening that he waited.

2.强调句和定语从句的结合。在强调句中包含着一个定语从句，这使得整个句子结构变得复杂。应注意不要混淆定语从句的关系词和强调句型中的that/who部分。

eg：.It was in the house _____was built with stones by his father ____he spent his childhood.

A. which； that B. that； where

C. which； which D. that； which

分析： the house为先行词，was built with stones by his father为缺少主语的定语从句，先行词指物；第二空所缺的应是强调句型中的结构词that， 故答案选A

3.强调句的反意疑问句形式 It is/was+被强调的成分+that+其他成分，isn't / wasn't it？

eg：It was Alice and her boyfriend who sent the old man to the hospital， ______？

A. wasn't it B. didn't they

C. do they D. was it

分析： 在这种反义疑问句中的主语应与强调句型中的主语it保持一致，不能和被强调成分中的名词或代词保持一致，而且要遵守“前肯定后否定”的原则。故答案选A

4.强调句与rather than ，not…but…等连用 此时要注意主谓一致：It is/was not…but…that… ； 不是…而是…（that后的动词与but后的名词或代词保持一致）It is /was … not … that… ； 或者：It is/was…that… not …； 是…而不是…（that后的动词应与not前的名词或代词保持一致） It is/was … rather than… that… ；是…而不是… （ that后的动词应与rather than前的名词或代词保持一致） 。

eg：.It is not help but obstacles that make a man.

It is the ability to do the job rather than where you come from or what you are that matters.

5.强调句和名词性从句的结合。 整个强调句用作名词性从句或者在强调句中含有名词性从句。

eg：.I've already forgotten _________ you put the dictionary.

A. that it was there B. where it was that

C. that where it was D. where was it that

分析：本题是经过变形的强调句型用作宾语从句的体现，首先是强调句的特殊疑问句 where was it that you put the dictionary？这个特殊疑问句作forgotten的宾语。在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序，所以就变成了where it was that you put the dictionary，答案应为B。

6.强调句中的be动词和情态动词的结合 It may be+ 被强调成分+ that +其他成分 ；It must have been+被强调成分+ that +其他成分 ；Would/ Could it be +被强调成分+that+其他成分？

eg：It might have been John that bought a new book for Mary yesterday.

It may be next week that she leaves for Tokyo.