高中英语书面表达能力的培养

时间:2022-09-21 06:59:47

高中英语书面表达能力的培养

摘要:书面表达是高中英语教学中的重要一环,旨在考查学生的英语表达能力,看其是否能运用学过的英语知识和掌握的技能进行思想交流。《考试大纲》明确要求“考生根据提示进行书面表达,准确使用语法和词汇,使用一定的句型、词汇,清楚连贯地表达自己的意思。”笔者认为可以从词汇和句型两个方面培养学生的书面表达能力。

关键词:高中英语;表达能力;词汇;句型

中图分类号:G633.41 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1673-8500(2012)12-0114-01

一、词汇是保证

词汇是书面表达的基础。评分标准第五档次的要求中提到“语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误,但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致”。这里所说的“高级词汇”指的是考纲中有但课本中出现的频率不高而实际经常用到的词汇(包括短语),endangered, awkward, pessimistic, responsibility, individual, make sense, environment awareness等都是高级词汇。如: They sought to hide themselves behind the trees. All of a sudden I came up with a good idea/ Suddenly a good idea occurred to me. My father came to be aware of the importance of English study. He tried hard to figure out what was going on.这些句子中加粗的单词和短语都是高级词汇,这些词汇,会使文章增色,让评卷教师印象深刻。

另外,在书面表达中要有效使用语句间的连接词,使全文结构紧凑。常见的连接词有:表并列或选择关系的: and, as well as, both...and... ,either……or, neither...nor...等;表转折关系的: but, while, yet, and yet, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, in spite of等;表因果关系的: so, hence, therefore, as a result (of), because (of), thanks to, owing to, due to; accordingly, consequently等;表顺序的: as soon as, the moment/minute/second, at the beginning, in the end, for the first time, first, firstly, econ, secondly, third, thirdly, next等;表解释说明的: in other words, such as, for example/instance, that is ( to say), and so on等;表递进关系的: moreover, furthermore,what’s more, what’s worse, worse still, not only…… but also……,besides, in addition等;表总结的: in a word, on the whole, in short, in brief, to sum up, in summary, as has been said, in conclusion, to conclude, in simple terms,in all等。

二、句型是关键

句子是表达一个较完整意思的最小单位,所以遣词造句的能力在英语写作中是非常重要的,也是书面表达成败的关键,因此,加强句型训练尤其重要。

1.基本句型训练

(1)主语+谓语这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,没有直接宾语,但常带有状语。如: Li Ming works hard. The accident happened yesterday.

(2)主语+系动词+表语这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。常见的系动词有be, look, seem, smell, taste, feel,sound, keep, become, turn, get, grow, go等。常用作表语的词有:名词,形容词,非谓语动词,介词短语,从句等。如:It is getting warmer and warmer. The flowers smell pleasant.

(3)主语+谓语+宾语这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词,它必须带有自己的宾语,其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。如: I have a sister. Tom wanted to have a holiday.

(4)主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语引导这类双宾语的常见动词有:buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send,pay, offer,hand,get,recommend等。如: He bought me a present. Pass me the magazine, please.

(5)主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语这种句型中的“宾语+宾语补足语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等;或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。充当补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。常带复合宾语结构的及物动词有:elect, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, make, notice, see, let, smell, start, watch, appoint, believe, call, catch, allow, ask, cause, consider, expect, know, tell, think, want, wish等。如: We made him our monitor. His father told him not to play in the street.

2.常用句型训练

常用句型可使句子表达简洁、准确,提高文章档次。应熟练应用如下句型:

It' s+ adj. +for sb.to do sth. “对某人来讲做某事是…”

It' s difficult for her to finish the job in three days.

It' s no good/use…doing sth. 做某事没好处/用处

It' s no use crying over spilt milk.

It is(has been)+时间+since…自从……好长时间了

It is(has been)5 years since he graduated from university.

It was/will be long before…不久……

It will not be long before we meet again.

It is/was…who/that…强调句型

It was in the street that I met my friend.

It was not until yesterday that he realized his mistakes.

It seems that…好像……

It seems that she is a happy mother.

It is said/reported/believed that……据说/据报道/据相信……

It is said that the press conference will be held next month.

I don't think/believe/expect(that)…我认为……不

I don't think you are right.

It happened(chanced)that +clause. = sb. happened /chanced sth. =sb.did sth. by chance 碰巧……

It happened that he was out when I got there.=He happened to be out when I got there.= It chanced that he was out when I got there= He was out by chance when I got there.

习惯做某事的

主语+get/be used to doing sth

主语+make it a rule to do sth

主语+make it a point of doing sth

It is a rule with sb to do sth.

I am used to going out for a walk every evening.

I make it a rule to go out for a walk every evening.

I make it a point of going out for a walk every evening.

It is a rule with me to go out for a walk every evening.

用于比较,阐述不同观点的句型

There are some people who have different opinions about ……

On the contrary, there are some people in favor of……

Some people claim that... Others, however,……

Some people argue that... Others, in contrast, believe that……

书面表达无捷径可走,要真正提高写作水平必须加强基础知识的落实和足够的写作训练。只有重视词汇和句型,在平时训练中打下坚实的基础,书面表达能力才会得到较大的提高。

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