中考英语阅读理解题解析

一、阅读理解题的解题步骤

1.浏览问题，明确要求

做阅读理解题前，应先浏览文章后的题干和选项，做到心中有数。知道了这篇文章所要解决的问题之后，再去看文章，它适用于较长的文章。这样做能较早、较快地捕捉理解的信息，重点突出，有的放矢。

2.略读全文，了解梗概

明确要求之后，我们就可以略读全文，力求在短时间内理解文章和段落的内容，略读时要特别注意主要句子。每篇文章或每个段落都有与主题有关的句子，尤其是科技、政治性文章的主题一般都在文章的开头或结尾。在略读过程中，如果碰到没学过的词语，可根据上下文猜测或跳过去，但不要放慢速度。

3.通篇寻读，略取信息

在第一步和第二步的基础上，我们可以通篇寻读，猎取我们所需要的信息。寻读就是仔细搜索与答案有关的重要信息，做下记号。为下一步阅读做好准备。

4.逐条分析，对号入座

把寻读时所获得的信息与答案要求结合起来，逐条进行分析，对号入座。问题的设计一般是根据文章内容按从上到下的顺序进行的。在这一步骤中，可以很快地解决表层和深层难度的理解题。

5.复读全文，验证答案

最好再仔细阅读全文，进一步加深对文章的理解，核对选定的答案是否正确。

二、阅读理解题的解题技巧

准确的理解阅读材料，除了平时要进行大量的阅读，提高阅读速度，不断丰富自己做题的经验外，还需要在阅读时掌握以下的方法与技巧：

1.善于抓住文章的中心，即主题句。迅速把握中心句是理解文章的关键。中心句往往出现在段首或段尾。

2.审视语境，体会关键词语的含义。通过语境以及短文前后之间的联系体会出关键词的内在含义，能考查出学生的逻辑判断能力。

3.要从不同的题材出发，注意短文的侧重点。如记叙性文章，就要首先弄清楚记叙的五大要素；如幽默故事中的幽默、寓言故事中的寓意的体现等；说明性短文首先要注意弄清要说明的对象，再就是说明的中心、细节和出现的数字，还要把握要说明的重点等。

4.有些短文，如英美风俗人情类，理解时要从西方文化背景入手，不要按照东方的思维习惯来进行判断。

【典型题例分析】

例1.阅读下面材料，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。

（武汉市中考题）

1. Which shows New York P&H(PLUMBING &HEATING) has been in business for a long time?

A．“Since 1968”. B.“24Hours 7 Days Service”.

C.“ 56568822 ”.D.“268 Pine Street 5th Avenue”.

2. For which of the following problems would one call New york P & H?

A. Rainwater drops from the roof.

B. Arefrigerator stops working

C. The floor of the bathroom is covered with water

D. There’s something wrong with the furniture.

3.What will the person who needs help probably discuss with New York P&H?

A.Duties. B.Tools.C.Meals.D.Costs.

4.If something is wrong with your heating ,________.

A. you can ask them for help at once

B.New York P&H has known it clearly

C.P&H will just help you by telephone

D.you can ask for free fixing in 24 hours

5. Which of the following is NOT clear in the reading?

A.Where P&H is. B.How big P&H is.

C.What P&H does D.When P&H was set up.

[解析]本文是一则关于NEWYORKPLUMBING&HEATING公司的广告。

1.选 A。在广告中很明显可找到答案。

2.选C。有广告可知A,B,D不是该公司的业务范畴，故选C。

3.选D。需要公司帮助的人讨论的是价格、费用问题。A是关税；B是工具；C是饭、餐；D是价格、费用，故选D。

4.选A。由广告可知只有A项合理。B、C、D不符合问题要求。

5.选B。有广告可知公司地点、业务内容和建立时间，并没有说明多大，故选B。

例2.根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳答案。

（北京市中考题）In 2000, at the age of 56,Jeff was going to take a difficult and dangerous journey(旅行)in the Arctic（北极地区）.He was planning to walk to the North Pole all by himself,pulling his food,tent and other things behing him in two sledges（雪橇）.Because the Arctic is covered with ice and water,he would sometimes have to sit on his sledges and use them like a boat!

Before he started his journey,to make himself stronger,Jeff spent 2 years practicing running and took part in many boat races. He had also traveled in the Arctic for 28 years.All of this was good for him.But there was still trouble.

Jeff was seven days into his jouney in the Arctic. It was dark and terribly cold(-35℃).In face of this terribly low temperature,he had made good progress across the ice.Suddenly,the ice broke and one of his sledges fell into thesea.Jeff needed to get it back,so he had to put his hand into the ice-covered water.

Once he had got the sledge back,Jeff put his tent,lit a fire and tried to warm up his cold hand.It was no help――his hand was seriously hurt as it had been in the cold for solong. He radioed for help,and an airplane was sent to save him. Finally,he arrived at a hospital in Canada.The doctors there said he hurt his left hand in the icy water. They saved his hand and advised him not to travel to the North Pole alone any more.

But Jeff was an explorer and nobody could change his mind.It would be yet another long and difficult battle for Jeff soon.

1.Jeff was planning to walk to the North Pole all by himself in______.

A.1970 B.1972. C.1998 D.2000

2.Jeff______for two years before his journey.

A.made special tents. B.practiced running

C.had medcial checksD.took a long walk

3. After one of his sledges fell into the sea,what did Jeff do first?

A.He put his hand into the water.

B.He lit a fire near the tent.

C.He warmed up his hand.

D.He put up his tent.

4. What can we infer(推断)from the last sentence of the article?

A.Jeff would practice more for the next journey.

B.Jeff would explore another part of the Arctic.

C.Jeff would try his best to realize his wish.

D.Jeff would refuse to take any advice.

[解析]本篇阅读讲述了主人公Jeff去北极探险旅游受伤的经历，他并没有因为受伤而放弃自己的志向。

1.选D。由文章第一句就可以找到答案。

2.选B。由文章中第2段第1 句可以找到答案。

3.选A。由文章第3段最后一句可以找到答案。

4.选C。最后一段第1句可以找到答案。“他是一个探险家，没有人能够改变他的愿望”，表示他会努力实现自己的愿望。故选C。