英语阅读理解中考复习策略

【摘要】英语阅读理解在英语中考试卷中所占比重越来越大，但中考复习时间紧，复习内容多，但阅读文章内容宽泛，究竟要让学生怎样阅读才能更好提高他们的阅读能力呢？本文主要从三个方面探讨如何做好英语阅读理解中考复习。

【关键词】英语阅读理解 中考 知识点梳理 训练 选择

英语阅读理解一直是英语教师英语教学上的重点，它是对学生综合语言运用能力考察的一个重要方面，它在英语试卷中所占比重也越来越大。可以说，学生只要做好了阅读理解，英语考试也就成功了一半。从初一至初三，学生们做过的阅读理解的篇目至少也有数百篇，数量可谓不少，那么，教师是否在中考复习中就不用涉及对阅读理解的专项复习呢？笔者认为不妥。因为在实际教学中，学生们完成阅读理解的结果往往差强人意，出现这样的结果原因是多方面的，但学生们不能根据知识点来梳理文章信息，排除干扰项，和缺乏一定的阅读策略也是学生们完成不好阅读理解题的一个重要原因。笔者认为，针对阅读理解，也应该进行专项复习训练，教会学生对知识点归纳梳理，掌握一定的阅读策略，才能提高他们的阅读能力。中考复习内容多，教学时间紧，如何有效地进行中考阅读理解复习呢？笔者在这方面进行了一些有益的尝试。

1.知识点精梳理

就阅读理解的考查点来看，主要分为四类：主旨大意题、细节理解题、指代题和推理判断题。那么，我们不妨就根据这些考查点进行专项训练。如：今天我们要练习以"主旨大意题"为主的阅读理解，那么所给文章的问题就仅涉及"主旨大意题"，其它的题都不要。如给学生三段阅读短文，如下：

A

You may hear about earthquake ， but do you know what to do before ， during and after an earthquake ？ Here is advice for you .

Before an earthquake Before an earthquake ， it is necessary to get ready for yourself and your family …

During an earthquake It's important for each of you not to be nervous . If you are indoors， quickly move to a safe place in the room such as under a strong desk or a table …

After an earthquake Once the shaking has stopped ， don't run out of the building at once . You'd better…

Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage ？

A. Advice for driving

B. Advice for Earthquake

C. Advice for Looking After Your House

B

It's not easy to be an astronaut's son . Everybody expects you to be special or perfect . I often wonder how my father ever had a son like me . I mean he's so special and so good at everything he does . Even in a middle school he was class president and captain of the football team .

Well ， to be honest ， I often dream about being some kind of hero or doing something special-like saving a child from a burning building or discovering a new star . I was daydreaming at school one morning when my teacher said there would be a Father's Day writing competition for the whole school . "I hope we have a winner right here in my class ."

The third prize was announced and it was not me . I was relieved and disappointed at the same time . The second prize was announced . It was me .

It was the proudest moment of my life ， too .Maybe I'll never be a great hero or win a Noble Prize ， but it was enough just to be my father's son .

What's the best title for the passage ？

A. My dream

B. My father's son

C. My famous father

D. My happy family

C

Killer bees started in Brazil 1957 . A scientist in Sao Paulo wanted bees to make more money . So he put forty -six African bees with some Brazilian bees . The bees bred（繁殖） and made a new kind of bees . They didn't want to make more honey， they want to attack . Then ， by accident ， twenty-six African bees escaped and bred with the Brazilian bees outside .Scientists couldn't control the problem. The bees increased fast . They went from Brazil to Venezuela. Then they went to Central America . Now they are in North America everywhere .

Why are people afraid of killer bees ？ People are afraid for two reasons . First ， the bees sting（叮）many more times than usual bees . Second， killer bees attack in groups . Four hundred bee stings can kill a person . Already several hundred people are dead . In a few years they will reach all over the United States . People can do nothing but wait .

The best title of the passage is .

A. How to make more money

B. Killer bees

C. A foolish scientist

D. How to feed killer bees

待学生完成这三段短文的要求后，让学生知晓两点：第一，上述文章的问题都是对文章主旨大意的考查，这类题的主要提问方式还有：1.Which is the best title for the passage ？ 2.What's the main idea of the passage ？ 3.The passage mainly talks about？ 4.Which of the following is this passage about ？ 主旨大意题主要涉及文章的中心思想、主要内容、标题与作者的态度等。第二，主旨大意题通常涉及文章最中心的内容，因此，解决此类问题要抓住文章的主题句。主题句通常出现在文章的第一段、最后一段、段落的中间或归纳总结每段的首句而得出。

2.运用方法多训练

在学生们知晓了如何做主旨大意题的方法后，对该类题的复习就可点到为止呢？答案是否定的。这种"到此一游"式的方式对学生的帮助是不够的。在上述三段短文里，我们发现，学生们在完成B段和C段时错误较多，究其原因呢？一是主旨大意题有难度，是很多学生完成的难点。二是找不到主题句，错误集中表现在主题句在最后一段，如B段，由归纳总结每段的首句而得出主题句的主旨大意题，如C段，这两种类型的主旨大意题对大部分学生来说，完成较难。所以，在归纳总结完此类题的方法后，还应该根据学生掌握的实际，继续辅之以相应的短文，待学生完成后，注重学生间的讨论交流，尤其是错误集中的地方，让他们勤思考，多总结，以便提高自己快速又准确的解题能力。

3.阅读文章的选择

针对阅读文章的其它三个考查点：细节题、指代题和推理题，我们也像上面用做主旨大意题的方法来做这三类阅读问题的专项复习。在复习过程中，注意两点：时间分配。如在做"细节题"时，只在一段时间或几节课里都只做此种类型的题。通过这样的方式，让学生了解做阅读理解题时是有方法可循的，树立他们做好此类题的信心；文章体裁、文章难易度的选择。教师应研究历年中考阅读文章，分析其难易度，给学生练习的文章不应该是随便找来的，它应该包括说明文、记叙文等，并且选材要新，难度适中。如果文章训练难度过大，班上就没有几个学生看得懂，就失去了训练的意义，反之，太简单又不如不训练。所以，选材、文章难易度也是教师要认真把控的。

参考文献

[1]蒋树业.2003 包天仁与四位一体教学法 [M].