英语“强调句型”高考命题分析

强调句型不仅是英语中的重要句子结构，也是高考中常考查的语法项目。为了便于高三同学轻松备考，现结合近几年的高考试题，对强调句型作如下归纳。

一 强调句型的结构

强调句型的基本结构为：“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其他部分”。注意：（1）当被强调部分为人且在句中作主语时，既可用that，也可用who，其他情况只能用that。（2）当强调主语时，that后的谓语动词必须与被强调的主语在人称和数上保持一致。

二 被强调的句子成分

强调句型除不强调谓语以外，其他成分均可以强调。

1.强调主语

It was the ability to do the job___________ matters not where you come from or what you are.（2002）

A、One B、that C、what D、it

分析：被强调部分the ability to do the job为matters 的主语，故选B。

2.强调宾语

I finished my homework 3 hours ago.

It was my homework that I finished 3 hours ago.

3.强调状语

强调句型在强调状语时，必须注意：

第一，强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，要用that，不能用when、where、why或者how。例：

It was about 600 years ago ___________the first clock with a face and an hour hard was made.（1997）

A、that B、until C、before D、after

第二，当使用强调句型对状语进行强调时，有必要将其与下列句型区别开。（比较下列句子）

It was at 8∶00 o’clock that he arrived in Beijing.（强调句型）

It was 8∶00 o’clock when he arrived in Beijing.（it表示时间）

It is for 3 hours that he has waited for you.（强调句型）

It will be 3 hours before he comes back.（it指时间）

It is 18 years since I joined the army.（it指时间）

It is for 18 years that I have been a soldier.（强调句型）

It was snowing when she arrived.（时间状语从句）

It is true that he was doctor 3 years ago.（强调句型）

4.对“not…until…”结构的强调，要用it is/was not until…that…这一句型

He didn’t go to bed until（it was）8∶00 o’clock yesterday.

It was not until（it was）8∶00 o’clock yesterday that he went to bed.

（注意：由于主句否定已转移，that之后的句子要用肯定形式）。答案为C。

5.当强调句型强调含有定语从句的主语、宾语和状语时，要确定好强调标志“that”的位置

He spent his childhood at the school which was named after a hero.

It was at the school which was named after a hero that he spent his childhood.

The girl whose mother works abroad is my girlfriend.

It is the girl whose mother works abroad that is my girlfriend.

三 强调句型的疑问句型

1.强调句的一般疑问句形式

Was it during the second world war___________ he died？（NME88）

A、that B、which C、in which D、then

分析：此句的强调句型为一般疑问句，所以选A。

2.强调句的特殊疑问句形式

如：Who ___________helped you work out the physics problem？

A、was it B、it was who C、was it that D、it was

分析：此句为强调句型的特殊疑问句，故选C。

Where was it that she found the lost bicycle？

When was it that she gratuated from Beijing university？

注：强调句的特殊疑问句结构为：疑问句+is/was it that…？

需特别注意的是，在强调句的疑问句型中，强调标志that/who后的句子只能使用陈述语序。