我国医疗保险制度存在的问题及对策研究

时间:2022-08-10 03:47:51

我国医疗保险制度存在的问题及对策研究

摘要: 我国新医改方案推行3年来,用最短的时间编织了世界最大全民医保网,但还存在着社会医疗保障供给与老百姓的医疗保障需求之间差距较大;社会医疗保险的责任范围较小;老百姓的医疗费用负担较重;医疗机构改革滞后等问题。为切实满足人民群众的健康需求,应在建立所有公民都享受全国平均水平的医疗保障体系,有效的实现社会公平和每个公民的健康保障权;本着“最基本的筹资水平、最基本的医疗服务”的理念,建立符合社会主义初级阶段的医疗保险费用筹措制度;在基本医疗的界定和选择上,采用国际上成本效果的评价方法和思想理念;建立行业管理、统筹规划的医疗保险管理体制,促进现代医疗市场的发育和完善;发挥政府、市场两个主体的作用,把商业保险作为对医疗保险的有效补充等方面扎实推进工作。

Abstract: Since the implementation of the new medical reform for 3 years, the biggest network of national health care has been developed in a very short time. However, some problems remain unsolved: a large gap between the supply of social medical insurance and medical requirement of people, smaller range of responsibilities covered by social medical insurance, heavy burden of medical expenditure on people, the lag of medical institutions reform, etc. In order to meet the need of people keeping health, we shoud establish a medical care system for all people enjoying the service on national average, achieve fairness in the society and ensure that each person has rights to maintain health. Based on the concept of basic financing level and essential medical service, the paper proposes to establish a system of raising medical insurance expenditure, which should conform to the developing situation in the primary stage of socialism; adopt evaluation and concept of the international cost effectiveness to define and select the basic medicine; build health care management system characterized by medical management and overall planning to promote the development of modern medical market; through government and market playing their own roles, try to supplement commercial insurance into medical insurance.

关键词: 医疗保险;制度;对策

Key words: medical insurance;system;measures

中图分类号: R197.1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006—4311(2012)27—0324—04

0 引言

社会医疗保险是国家和社会根据一定的法律法规,为向保障范围内的劳动者提供患病时基本医疗需求保障而建立的社会保险制度。一般指劳动者患病时,社会保险机构对其所需要的医疗费用给予适当补贴或报销,使劳动者恢复健康和劳动能力,尽快投入社会再生产过程。医疗保障体系是解决公众面临的疾病和意外伤害等风险的社会保障子系统,一般由政府承办,政府会借助经济手段、行政手段、法律手段强制实行以及进行组织管理。

我国自十四届三中全会以来,经过多年的改革和探索,基本形成了“三纵三横”的医疗保障体系框架。“三纵”即城镇职工基本医疗保险、城镇居民基本医疗保险和新型农村合作医疗;“三横”即主体层、保底层和补充层。3项基本医疗保险制度保障了绝大多数民众,构成主体层;城乡医疗救助和社会慈善捐助等制度对困难群公众给予帮助,构成保底层;补充医疗保险和商业医疗保险则满足公众更高的、多样化的医疗需求[1]。

根据政府有关部门公布的统计数据,截至2011年底,全国城镇职工医保、居民医保参保人数已达到4.68亿人,新农合参保人数达到8.32亿人,参合率达到97%,两者合计,我国社会医疗保险制度所覆盖的人数已经超过13亿,覆盖率超过95%。城乡医疗救助覆盖所有低保对象和五保户,受益人群和保障水平稳步提高。这意味着我国社会医疗保险不仅实现了制度全覆盖,而且正在快步走向人员全覆盖。然而,我们必须注意到,社会医疗保险覆盖面的扩大并不意味着人民群众医疗保障实际水平的同步提高。

1 我国社会医疗保险制度存在的问题

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