高考“七选五”型阅读理解题的特点与解题方法

时间:2022-09-10 07:29:15

高考“七选五”型阅读理解题的特点与解题方法

【特点分析】

在2009年高考英语试卷中多个地区开始采用“七选五”型阅读理解题,该类题型要求从短文后的七个选项中(均为完整的句子)选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项,主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。该题型的命题形式仍然具有客观题的特点,又与完形填空题具有异曲同工之妙,只是选项少,以句子形式出现,考查目的和侧重点不完全相同而已。

从《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的表述可以得出以下判断:该题备选项可分为主旨概括句(文章整体内容)、过渡性句子(文章结构)和注释性句子(上下文逻辑意义)三类。其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置,例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题,过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构,注释性句子与上文脱节等。

本题选材一般为300词左右的短文,以记叙文和说明文常见。其设空一般有五种:标题类、主题句类、承上启下类、归纳总结类、语篇拓展类。

【解题方法】

1.从句子间的关系判断

文章的内容是根据各层各段的大意有机地组合而成,各个层次,各个段落之间不管怎样错落有致,但它所表达的内容都是要围绕中心的,各句之间都有一定的语脉,从逻辑意义上来看,语段的句际关系可分为平列、顺序、层递、转折、总分、解释、因果等关系。因此,理解阅读材料时一定要把握语脉,理清句子间的关系,进而理解语段或全文的内容。

2.从关联词上查找

由于英语的句段之间经常会运用关联词表示衔接和过渡,使文章逻辑更清楚和连贯,因此文章中和选项中表示各种逻辑关系的路标性信号词在选择答案时都是很重要的线索。文章语句间的组合,除了从语句间的意义关系分析外,还可借助句子之间的连接性词语来把握,因为连接性词语能表明这个语段句与句之间、层与层之间的基本关系是:

平列关系,如first, second, third…; firstly, secondly, thirdly…; first, next, then…; for one thing, for another thing…;to begin with等。

承接关系,如so, therefore, thus, accordingly, as a result等。

转折关系,如however, still, though, yet, in spite of, whoever, whatever on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, by comparison, otherwise等。

层递关系,如also, further, similarly, moreover, in addition, whats more, too, either, neither, not…but…, not only…but also…等。

3.从词汇上锁定线索

做题时很重要的一点是保持对一些线索词的敏感,最主要的线索特征词是空白前后的名词和动词,寻找答案时注意在选项中查找同义词、近义词、反义词或表示同一类事物的词语等。其次是代词、数词、表示时间/年代的词、地点/名称等专有名词等。尤其是在读不懂句子的情况下,利用这样的线索词寻找答案是很有效的方法。

在做题时可将这三个层面的线索很好地结合起来。例如,在看到表示并列或递进关系的关联词时,一般表示前后句子的名词或句意具有同指性;而表示转折让步关系的词则往往表示前后句子的名词同指,但句意对立,或褒贬对立或肯否对立;而表示例证关系的词则意味着在举例之前或之后有表述概念或某一观点的句子,往往会有复数名词出现。

【巩固提高】

Kids health: Four steps for fighting stress

Everybody gets stressed from time to time.1Some ways of dealing with stress―like screaming or hitting someone―dont solve much. But other ways, like talking to someone you trust, can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better.

Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed:

(1)Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to a trusted adult, such as a parent or other relatives.2They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet.

(2)Dont take it out on yourself. Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it out on themselves. Oh, dear, thats not a good idea. Remember that there are always people to help you. Dont take it out on yourself.3

(3)Try to solve the problem. After youre calm and you have support from adults and friends, its time to get down to business.4Even if you cant solve it all, you can solve a piece of it.

(4)Be positive. Most stress is temporary (暂时的). Remember stress does go away, especially when you figure out the problem and start working on solving it.

These steps arent magic, but they do work. And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time, youll help yourself feel better even faster.5

A.Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.

B.Notice your friends feelings and find a way to help them.

C.Different people feel stress in different ways.

D.Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone.

E.You need to figure out what the problem is.

F.And dont forget about your friends.

G.Then, find a way to calm down.

Keys:1~5CFAED

上一篇:综合应用专题练习 下一篇:名词性从句难点解读