时间：2022-10-16 07:08:44
专题导航
名词性从句一直很受高考命题者的关注，分析近年来名词性从句的考点，从出题者的角度，就是要考查名词性从句中的语序以及引导词之间的区别。高考试题会结合插入语或名词与同位语隔开，或使句子结构复杂化等使得难度增加。
难点点拨
难点一：对名词性从句语序的考查
名词性从句必须用陈述句语序，即使在疑问句中，从句也不倒装（而在主句上倒装）。例：
①He asked me how long I had kept the book.
②How he succeeded remains a puzzle.
【典例】Mum is coming. What present for your birthday？
A. you expect she has got
B. you expect has she got
C. do you expect she has got
D. do you expect has she got
【解析】C。do you expect是主句的主谓部分，后面部分是宾语从句，宾语从句要求使用陈述句语序，故选C。
难点二：名词性从句连接词的用法区别
1. that和what的区别
that 和 what都可引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可作从句中的主语、宾语或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。例如：
①What we have done is of little use.
②That we have done it is well＼|known.
③The result is that we won the game.
④This is what we are looking for.
需要注意的是，由连词that引导的主语从句，在大多数情况下会放到句子的后面，而用代词 it作形式主语。例如：
It is likely that a hurricane will arrive soon.
【典例1】 Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. （2011年北京卷）
A. WhichB. What
C. ThatD. Whom
【解析】B。考察名词性从句中的主语从句。由is可知其前是由what引导的主语从句，且what在从句中作offer的宾语，故选B。
【典例2】 The shocking news made me realize terrible problems we would face. （2011年北京卷）
A. whatB. how
C. thatD. why
【解析】A。考查名词性从句中的宾语从句。句意：这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。结合句意可知答案为A，此处what引导的宾语从句是一个感叹句。
【典例3】 There is clear evidence the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain. （2011年上海卷）
A. whatB. if
C. howD. that
【解析】D。考查名词性从句中的同位语从句。分析句子结构，从句中不缺成分，故用that。
2. if 和 whether的区别
引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句以及介词后之宾语从句，宾语从句前后有or not 时，不能用if，只能用 whether。引导动词后之宾语从句可用 if或者 whether。例如：
①I asked her if/whether she had a bike.
②I dont know whether or not he is well.
【典例1】 Weve offered her the job， but I dont know shell accept it. （2011年山东卷）
A. whereB. what
C. whetherD. which
【解析】C。考查宾语从句的引导词。由句意可知选whether 意为“是否”，其他三项均不符题意。
【典例2】 It is still under discussionthe old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not. （2011年重庆卷）
A. whetherB. when
C. whichD. where
【解析】A。still under discussion“还在讨论中”，说明“旧中巴车站是否应该被一个宾馆替代”还没决定。且根据后面的whether…or not也可以选出正确答案。
3. whatever与whoever的功用
whatever与whoever在名词性从句中通常不含疑问意义，引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等；whatever=anything that，whoever=any one who。要注意和whatever， whoever引导的让步状语从句的区别，如：
①Whoever （=Any one who）breaks the law should be punished.（主语从句）
②Whoever （No matter who）breaks the law， he should be punished.（让步状语从句）
【典例】The poor young man is ready to accept help he can get.
A. whicheverB. however
C. whateverD. whenever
【解析】C。whatever用作定语，修饰help，且引导一个宾语从句。
4. who， which， when， where， why， how等词的功用
who， which， when， where， why， how等既有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中又充当各种成分。其区别从其词义上是显而易见的，相信不是同学们的难点，也不是命题的重点。
【典例1】 I am afraid hes more of a talker than a doer， which is he never finishes anything. （2011年山东卷）
A. thatB. when
C. whereD. why
【解析】D。考查表语从句。which引导的非限制性定语从句中有一个表语从句，根据句意用why引导。
【典例2】Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach to read first. （2011年辽宁卷）
A. whatB. who
C. howD. why
【解析】C。根据句子结构可知，that aims to teach to read first.是定语从句，修饰先行词class，在此定语从句中，teach后接的宾语从句中缺少表示方式的连接词，根据题意可知是how，此处为“连接词+to do”结构。
难点三：同位语从句的引导词及与定语从句的辨析
能接同位语从句的名词有：fact， idea， news， information， order， belief， suggestion， advice， reply， answer， saying等。that常用来引导同位语从句， whether， when， where 等也可引导同位语从句。
定语从句与同位语从句的区别：
定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。如果定语从句是用that 引导，that在从句中不但起连接作用，而且还充当一个句子成分。
同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体、实际内容。引导同位语从句的that 在同位语从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，无具体词义，且不可省略。试比较以下两句话。
We expressed the hope （that） they had expressed. （that引导定语从句，可省略）
We expressed the hope that they would come to China again. （that引导同位语从句，不可省略）
【典例1】Modern science has given clear evidence smoking can lead to many diseases. （2011年天津卷）
A. whatB. which
C. thatD. where
【解析】C。考查同位语从句，说明evidence的内容。句意为：现代科技已经给出了充分的证据，表明吸烟可能引起许多疾病。
【典例2】Some researchers believe that there is no doubt a cure for AIDS will be found.
A. whichB. what
C. that D. whether
【解析】C。that 引导同位语从句，说明doubt的具体内容。
名师指导
在复习备考中要做到下列要求：
1.扎实做好名词性从句基本用法的复习；
2.小心辨析，采用对比分析法，从结构和句意两方面分析定语从句和名词性从句，尤其是定语从句和同位语从句的区别；
3.从结构入手，分析名词性从句和状语从句之间的关系及区别；
4.加强名词性从句引导词各自意义、用法及特点的辨析；
5.加强长、难句的分析和理解练习。
巩固提高
1. One of the advantages of playing chess is it can give us a lot of pleasure.
A. how B. why
C. that D. when
2. Im sure Beijing will become the whole world focuses close attention on.
A. which B. what
C. where D. that
3. We cant figure out a number of insects， birds and animals are dying out.
A. that B. as
C. why D. when
4. Mother carried out the promise she had made she would give me a birthday present.
A. that； / B. what； that
C. that； which D. which； that
5. You give your children everything they ask for. Im afraid this is I disagree.
A. why B. where
C. what D. how
6. we wonder is more and more students show no interest in their lessons.
A. What； why
B. That； what
C. What； because
D. Why； that
7. When asked she needed most， the girl said she wanted to be loved.
A. what； thatB. why； which
C. what； whom D. which； /
8. Word came the famous singer and actress Lin Xinru would come to our city.
A. whichB. that
C. what D. if
9. Scientists know their job is never finished and even the best theory can turn out to be wrong.
A. /； /B. that； /
C. /； thatD. what； that
10. Much to our anxiety， we have no idea of .
A. where she has gone
B. where did she go
C. which place she has gone
D. where has she gone
11. I think these photos will remind you of ten years ago.
A. what did our village look like
B. what our village looked like
C. how did our village look like
D. how our village looked like
12. wants to go swimming must write his name down on this piece of paper before 5 oclock.
A. Anyone B. The person
C. Whoever D. Who
13. A computer can only do a person has instructed it to do.
A. howB. what
C. after D. when
14. you are tired of him is none of my business.
A. What B. Who
C. That D. Which
15. As we all know， is a fact that English is widely used all over the world.
A. thereB. this
C. thatD. it
答案与解析
1. C。 that 在此引导表语从句， 在从句中仅起连接作用， 不作任何成分。
2. B。 what 引导表语从句。
3. C。根据题意可知，宾语从句中缺少原因状语，因此选择C项。
4. D。 第一个空应填which，引导定语从句，修饰promise； 第二个空应填that， 引导同位语从句，说明promise的内容。
5. B。where在这里引导表语从句。
6. A。 第一个空应填连接代词 what， 引导主语从句； 第二个空应填连接副词why， 引导表语从句， 说明原因。
7. A。 第一个空应填连接代词what， 引导宾语从句， 并在从句中作宾语；第二个空应填that， 引导宾语从句，且 that 在从句中不作任何成分。
8. B。that 在此引导同位语从句，说明 word 的具体内容。
9. C。两个空均为宾语从句的引导词，而且都用that，第一个that可以省略，但是第二个that不能省略。
10. A。 从句子时态上看，空处可用现在完成时或一般过去时，同时where 引导的宾语从句需要用陈述语序，由此排除B、D两项，C项搭配有误，故答案应为 A。
11. B。连接代词what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作介词like的宾语，排除C、D两项；再根据从句中用陈述语序的原则排除A项。
12. C。whoever引导主语从句，相当于anyone who。
13. B。连接代词what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作to do的宾语。
14. C。 that 在此引导主语从句。
15. D。 it 作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的 that 从句。