英语中非被动形式表示被动意义的情况

时间:2022-09-06 08:48:03

英语中非被动形式表示被动意义的情况

英语中除了动词的被动形式可表示被动意义之外,许多非被动形式也可表示被动意义。现将值得注意的若干情况介绍如下。

一、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义

1.系动词taste, smell, feel, sound, look, appear, prove等。如:

The flowers in the garden smell wonderful. 花园里的花闻起来好香。

Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth. 良药苦口。

2.表示“运转”、“位移”等意义的不及物动词run, drive, ride, move等。如:

The machine is so heavy that it won’t move. 这台机器太重移不动。

The bicycle won’t ride comfortably because the back wheel of it doesn’t turn well.

那辆自行车骑着不舒服,因为其后轮转动不好。

3.表示“开始”、“结束”意义的动词begin, start, end, finish, stop等用作不及物动词时。如:

The motorcycle won’t start. 摩托车发动不了。

The music stopped, and the curtain pulled apart. 音乐终止,大幕拉开。

4.动词sell, write, wash, clean, read, write, shut, open, lock, keep, photograph, wear, blow, translate, print, publish等用作不及物动词时。这些动词多表示主语的内在品质或性能。如:

The Chinese works of art characteristic of national flavor sell well abroad.

富有特殊民族风格的中国艺术品畅销国外。

Ancient poetry does not translate easily. 古诗不易翻译。

5.及物(短语)动词comprise, consist of, deserve well/ill of等的主动形式。如:

The faculty council comprises twenty?鄄seven members. 教授评审委员会由二十七位委员组成。

The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

联合王国由大不列颠和北爱尔兰组成。

The astronauts deserve well of the country for services.

这些宇航员为国家做出了很大贡献,理应受到奖赏。

6.不及物动词go作“(奖品、遗产、职位)被给予”,“(东西)被放置于……”、“被花费于……”、“被卖”等解时。如:

The Nobel Prize went to the Chilean poet. 诺贝尔奖被那位智利诗人所得。

Does this baggage go in the trunk of your car? 这件行李要放进你的汽车后备箱吗?

7.hang作不及物动词,表示“被绞死,被吊死”时。

He hanged for murder. 他因谋杀罪而被处以绞刑。

You can’t hang for such a crime. 你不可能因此罪被处以绞刑。

8.某些短语动词go out, turn out (to be), be familiar to, come to one’s knowledge(为……所熟悉,为……所知)等。如:

Your view has turned out to be reasonable. 你的观点证明是有道理的。

These tales are familiar to Chinese children. 这些故事对中国小孩而言是听惯了的。

9.某些动词的进行时形式。如:

The ATM is repairing. 自动提款机正在被修理。

The piano is playing. 钢琴在奏鸣。

10.不及物动词come,除数go 后面接含否定意义的及物动词的过去分词时。如:

Her suggestions went largely unheard. 她的建议大多无人理睬。

Police are worried that many crimes go unreported to them. 警方不安的是很多罪行无人报案。

二、非谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义

1.动词want, need, require, deserve等后的v?鄄ing形式。如:

Your networks want upgrading. 你们的网络系统需要升级。

The windows require cleaning. 窗户该擦了。

His brave act deserves admiring. 他的英勇行为值得钦佩。

2.动词bear, stand等后的v?鄄ing形式。此时其意义为“经得起(考验、困难等);耐得住”;且不用人作主语,多用否定或疑问。如:

The blouse didn’t stand washing. 这种短衫不耐洗。

The story doesn’t bear repeating. 那故事不值得重述。

3.形容词worth后面的v?鄄ing形式。如:

Such a trifling matter is not worth mentioning. 区区小事,何足挂齿。

4.介词above, past, in need of等后的v?鄄ing形式。如:

This book is above my understanding. 这部书我读不懂。

A word spoken is past recalling. 一言既出,驷马难追。

5.动词不定式(短语)。

①不定式(短语)作定语,且与句子的宾语有动宾关系时。如:

I have important news to tell you. 我有重要事情要告诉你。

②不定式(短语)作结果状语,且与句子主语有动宾关系时。常见句型有:

A.S+be+adj.+(for sb.) to do,如:

The tiger is difficult to train. 老虎不易训练。

B.S+be+too+adj.+(for sb.) to do,如:

This wall is too high to jump over. 墙太高跳不过去。

C.S+be+adj.+enough+(for sb.) to do,如:

This problem is easy enough for her to work out. 这道题够容易了,她会解出来。

③不定式(短语)to blame(应受责难), to let(出租), to seek等作表语时。如:

You are to blame. 你该受到谴责。

This house is to let. 此房出租。

An efficient manager is yet to seek. 还得物色一位能干的经理。

④在there be结构中,不定式(短语)作定语且与句子的主语有动宾关系时。如:

There are a lot of difficulties for us to face. 我们要面临许多困难。

三、某些动态形容词表示被动意义

1.某些后缀为?鄄ible/?鄄able等的形容词。如:

The teacher is respectable, so we are all respectful to him.

这位老师值得尊敬,所以我们都很尊敬他。

This sofa is easily convertible into a bed. 这个沙发很容易改成床。

2某些后缀为?鄄ed的形容词。如:

The amused spectators reluctantly left the lecture hall. 被逗乐的观众不情愿地离开了演讲厅。

Her kindness won’t go unrewarded. 她好心必有好报。

四、某些动作名词表示被动意义

1.用于动词deserve/merit(值得), stand/bear/take/get(经受,遭受,经得起),need/want/take(需要)等后时。如:

His painful experience deserves sympathy. 他那段痛苦的经历值得同情。

The poem will bear close investigation. 这首诗经得起仔细推敲。

The destruction of the environment needs prevention. 对生态环境的破坏需要防止。

2.用于介词past, beyond, under, in need/want of, in, above, on, for, in course of 等后时。如:

His bravery to save the child from drowning is above praise.

他拯救即将淹死的小孩,这种勇气非言辞所能赞扬。

The educational system stands in great need of reform. 教育体制亟待改革。

A great social transformation was in the making. 一场巨大的变革正在酝酿之中。

These Western things are only on display; it’s not for sale. 这些西洋文物仅供参观,不出售。

3.用于某些由“形容词+介词”构成的固定短语后时。如:

The famous man is worthy of all our adoration. 那位名人值得我们崇拜。

This plan is deserving of your attention. 这项计划应受到你的重视。

4.用于形容词worth等后时。如:

San Francisco is worth frequent visits. 旧金山是个值得常去观光的地方。

The way he solves the problems is well worth admiration. 他解决问题的方式非常值得赞赏。

五、in the charge of(由……照管),in the possession of(由……所有),at the mercy of (完全受……支配,任……摆布)等含定冠词的复合介词表示被动意义。如:

The wounded are in the charge of a nurse. 伤员由一名护士照管。

The rare stamp is in the possession of an unknown collector.

那枚珍稀邮票现为一位不知名的收藏家所有。

The boat was at the mercy of the rapid river. 那条船任由湍急的河流摆布。

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