英语中如何表示“强调”?

时间:2022-08-24 11:30:17

英语中如何表示“强调”?

生活中我们可以通过扯嗓门、敲桌子等非语言方式强调我们想表达的意思,也可以通过词、句等语言形式的变化来表示强调。今天我们主要谈谈如何通过词汇、语法的手段来进行强调。

一、 词汇手段

我们可以借助于一些形容词、副词、否定词等词汇来加强语气。

1. 形容词very可置于被强调的名词前,表示“正是”“最佳”等含义。

例如:You are the very person I want to marry. 你就是我想要嫁的人。

At the very moment the police arrived and stopped the fighting. 就在这时,警察来了并阻止了打斗。

just也可表示类似的意思,但要注意just需置于名词的修饰词the, this, that, my, his等之前。

例如:He is just the right person for the job. 他正是适合这份工作的人。

2. 助动词do, does, did用来强调谓语动词。

You did tell me a lie yesterday. 昨天你果真向我撒了谎。

3. “疑问词+ever”

“疑问词+ever”构成的复合词可用来分别强调相应疑问词的语气。

例如:Whatever is left is yours. 剩下的都给你。

Wherever have you been? 你究竟去哪里了?

4. on earth, in heaven, in the world, under the sun亦可加强语气,表示“究竟”之意。

例如:What on earth have you done to my computer? 你究竟把我电脑怎么了?

Where in the world could he be? 他究竟在哪里?

5. not a single, in the least, not a bit, not simply, by no means等短语可加强否定语气。

例如:My wife is not in the least angry with me this time. 我妻子这次一点不生我的气。

I can not speak a single word of Japanese after a month in Japan. 我去日本一个月后我仍是一点日语也不会说。

注意:not a bit意为“一点也不”,not a little意为“非常”。

6. 可用重复某些词的方法进行强调。

例如:It’s very, very unkind of you, isn’t it? 你这样很不友善,不是吗?

I haven’t seen him for years and years and years. 我很多很多年没有见过他了。

二、 语法手段

所谓语法手段就是通过改变句子结构来对某一成分进行强调。最为常见的强调结构便是 “it is... that...”,它可用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语、宾补等句子成分。当强调的是人时,可用who, whom(宾格)来替代that。

例如:The Chinese people elected Hu Jintao as the President of PRC in 2003. 中国人民在2003年选举作为中华人民共和国的主席。

强调主语 It was the Chinese people that/who elected Hu Jintao as the President of PRC.

强调宾语 It was Hu Jintao that/whom the Chinese people elected as the President of PRC.

强调宾补 It was the President of PRC that the Chinese people elected Hu.

强调状语 It was in 2003 that the Chinese people elected Hu Jintao as the President of PRC.

关于强调结构,需要注意以下几点:

1. 英语中的状语种类很多,一般都可以用该结构来进行强调。就连with/without引导的复合结构作状语时也可使用强调结构来进行强调。

例如:She felt very nervous, with the teacher standing by her. = It was with the teacher standing by her that she felt very nervous. 老师站在她旁边时她很紧张。

2. 在强调由“not... until/till...”构成的时间状语时,要注意否定的前移:

I didn’t realize how stupid I was until I saw myself on TV. = It wasn’t until I saw myself on TV that I realized how stupid I was. 直到我在电视上看到自己,才知道自己有多愚蠢。

3. 注意强调主语“I”时的谓语动词形式:

I am to blame. = It is I who am to blame. 该怪我。

4. 强调结构也有自己的一般疑问句形式、特殊疑问句形式。

例如:Did he see you in the office just now? = Was it in the office that he saw you just now? 他见你的地方是在办公室吗?

When did you first go to the Great Wall? = When was it that you first went to the Great Wall? 你究竟什么时侯第一次去长城的?

5. 强调句与定语从句的区别。

问题的关键在于强调句型中含有that/who,容易与定语从句中的关系代词that/who发生混淆。其根本区别在于:强调句型中的that/who无实质含义,而定语从句中的that/who是用来指代先行词的,有明确的含义,在从句中充当具体的成分。所以,当我们去掉强调句型的it is/was和that/who之后,句子结构依然通顺。

例如:It was at the railway station that we first met 20 years ago. 我们二十年前是在火车站相遇的。

该句为强调句,it was和that并无实意。

It was the railway station that my father worked for when he was young. 我父亲年轻时是在火车站工作的。

该句中的it为代词,指代说话者描述的对象the railway station;that引导定语从句,指代先行词the railway station,在从句中充当介词for的宾语。

上一篇:Stop Making Rumors on Microblog 不要让微博... 下一篇:Different Seasons