中考交际用语考点分析

交际用语是各地中考的考查热点之一。主要考查考生在具体情景中使用英语的能力。这类题目的特点是试题情景化、语言交际化和有声语言文字化。考查交际用语的题型有听力题、单项选择题、补全对话题、对话匹配题和对话排序题等。解答此类题目时,考生应仔细考虑对话的情景和上下文句意,还要考虑中西方文化的差异。本文拟以单项选择题为例,就情景交际用语的常见考点进行归纳,以期对考生有所帮助。

一、 表达“建议”、“邀请”及“应答”的语句

表示“建议”和“邀请”的语句有: Why not + 动词原形? (为什么不……?) Let’s ... (咱们……) Shall I/we do ...? (我或我们……行吗?) Will/Would you like do ...? (你想要……?) How about/What about doing sth? (做某事怎么样?)

表示“接受”的语句有: Good idea. (好主意。) That/It sounds great. (太好了。) That/It would be very nice. (太好了。) With pleasure. (乐意。) I’d love/like to. (我愿意。) I’ll be glad to. (我愿意。) Yes, please. (请吧。) Certainly/Of course/Sure. (当然。) No problem. (没问题。) I agree. (我同意。) I think so. (我认为就是如此。)

表示“拒绝”的语句有: I’m afraid I can’t/I’m afraid not. (恐怕不行。) I disagree. (我不同意。) I don’t think so. (我不这么认为。) No, thanks. (不,谢谢。) I’d love/like to, but I am busy/I have a lot of homework to do. (我愿意,不过我很忙或有许多作业要做。)例如:

1. (2008北京市) ―Shall we go to the sea animals show tomorrow?

―_______.

A. Thank you B. Good idea

C. It doesn’t matter D. It’s very nice of you

2. (2008包头市) ―How about surfing on the Internet this evenig?

―_______, but I’ll be busy with tomorrow’s exam.

A. That’s right B. I can’t

C. It sounds great D. No, I’m terribly sorry

3. (2008黑龙江省农垦总局) ―Would you like bread for breakfast?

―_______. I’m full.

A. Yes, please B. Sure, I’d love to

C. No, thanks

4. (2008厦门市) ―Why not join us in the game, Nancy?

―_______, but I have to do the dishes first.

A. Yes, please B. I’d love to

C. Let’s go

5. (2008南宁市) ―Let’s go to the zoo on Sunday.

―_______.

A. Good idea B. Excuse me

C. You’re welcome D. It doesn’t matter

Key: 1. B2. C3. C4. B5. A

二、 表达“许可”及“应答”的语句

表示请求的语句有: Will/Would you mind doing sth? (做某事,你介意吗?) Will/Would you mind not doing sth? (别做某事,你介意吗?) Would you like to do sth? (你想要做某事吗?) Would you like sth? (你想要某物吗?) Can/Could you please do sth? (请你做某事,好吗?) Can/Could you please (not) do sth? (请你别做某事,好吗?) Could I do sth? /May I do sth? (我可以做某事吗?) Please do sth. (请做某事。) Please don’t do sth. (请别做某事。)

表示“接受”的语句有: 1. With pleasure. (乐意。) Yes, please. /Go ahead. /Please do. (请吧。) I’d love to. /I like to. /I’ll be glad to. (我愿意。) Yes/Certainly/Of course/Sure/OK. (好的。) No, problem. (没问题。) You’re welcome. (你是受欢迎的。) Certainly, I’ll do it. (当然,我将去做。) Yes, I won’t do it. (当然,我将不会去做。) Not at all. (不介意。) 2. Certainly not. /Of course not. (当然不介意。) Never mind. (不介意。) Sorry, I won’t do it again. (对不起,我将不会再做了。)

表示“拒绝”的语句有: You’d better not. (你最好别……) Please don’t. (请别……) I’m sorry I can’t. (对不起,我不能。) I’m afraid not. (恐怕不行。) I’m sorry, but ... (对不起,不过……)。例如:

1. (2008上海市) ―Would you like me to bring you a cup of coffee?

―_______.

A. Yes, I’d love to B. It’s a pleasure

C. Yes, please D. It doesn’t matter

2. (2008云南省) ―Would you mind closing the window to keep out the noise?

―_______. I’ll do it right away.

A. No way B. Of course

C. Pretty good D. Not at all

3. (2008成都市) ―Could you lend me the book you bought last night?

―_______.

A. Yes, here you are B. No, I can’t lend it to you

C. It’s not interesting

4. (2008云南省) ―The box looks very heavy. Let me carry it for you.

―_______. I’m quite out of breath.

A. Yes, certainly B. No, of course

C. I’m afraid I can manage D. It’s very kind of you

5. (2008武汉市) ―May I use your ruler?

―_______.

A. Yes, please B. You are nice

C. It doesn’t matter D. It was a pleasure

6. (2008佛山市) ―Don’t smoke here; look at the sign.

―_______.

A. Never mind B. I’m sorry

C. Don’t mention it D. Sure, I don’t smoke

Key: 1. C2. D3. A4. D5. A6. B

三、 表达“感谢”的语句及“应答”语

表示“感谢”的语句有: Thank you very much. /Thanks a lot. /Many thanks. (多谢。) Thanks/Thank you for ... (因……而感谢。) That’s/It’s nice of you (to do sth). (你太好了。) Thank you all the same. (仍然要谢谢你。)

“应答”的语句有: You’re welcome. /That’s OK. /That’s all right. /It’s/That’s nothing. /It/That was nothing. /My pleasure. /It’s a pleasure. /It was a pleasure. /Don’t mention it. (不用谢,没什么。)

另外,在交际中应注意中西方文化的差异: 1. 对方对自己所送的礼物表示感谢时,英美人一般用“I’m glad you like it. (我很高兴你喜欢它。)”来作答; 2. 客人对自己所招待的宴席表示感谢时,英美人一般用“I’m glad you enjoy (enjoyed) it. (我很高兴你享受它。)/You’re welcome. (你是受欢迎的。)”来作答。千万不要想当然地套用中国人的表达方式去应答外国人。例如:

1. (2008云南省) ―Thanks a lot for helping me.

―_______.

A. It doesn’t matter B. You’re welcome

C. No, thanks D. Yes, I’d love to

2. (2008安徽省) ―I’ve never had such a wonderful time. Thank you for asking me.

―_______.

A. Good job B. That’s it

C. That’s right D. You’re welcome

3. (2008莆田市) ―Thank you for the delicious dinner.

―_______.

A. Don’t say it B. It’s nothing

C. I’m glad you enjoyed it

4. (2007威海市) ―Thank you for the present you sent me. It’s so nice.

―_______.

A. No, thanks B. I’m glad you like it

C. Please don’t say it D. No, it isn’t so good

5. (2007宁波市) ―Thank you for offering us such a good meal!

―_______.

A. I’m glad you all enjoy it B. Don’t mention it

C. Come here next time D. I didn’t cook so well

Key: 1. B2. D3. C 4. B5. A

四、 表达“祝贺”、“祝愿”的语句及“应答”语

表示“祝贺”和“祝愿”的语句有: Have a good time/Enjoy oneself/Have fun. (过得愉快。) Have a great weekend. (周末愉快。) Have a wonderful trip. (旅行愉快。) Happy New Year! (新年快乐!) Merry Christmas. (圣诞节快乐。) Good luck to sb. (祝某人好运。) Congratulations to sb. (祝贺某人。) Best wishes to sb. (向对方致以良好的祝愿。) I hope everything goes well. /All the best with you. /Wish you all the success. (祝万事如意。) Please say hello to sb. /Please give my best wishes to sb. (请向某人问好。)

“应答”的语句有: Thanks/Thank you. (谢谢。) You, too. /The same to you. (你也一样。)例如:

1. (2008黄冈市) ―I’m going to spend my summer vacation with my parents in Hainan Island.

―_______. And remember to send me a postcard.

A. That sounds bad B. Have a nice time

C. It’s a pleasure D. That’s all right

2. (2008成都市) ―Happy birthday to you, Jack.

―_______.

A. With pleasure B. Thanks a lot

C. The same to you

3. (2008江西省) ―I’m going back to see my parents this afternoon.

―_______.

A. It’s very nice of you B. You’d better hurry

C. Say goodbye to them D. Give my best wishes to them

4. (2008苏州市) ―I’m going to take my driving test tomorrow.

―_______.

A. Good luck B. Cheers

C. Come on D. Congratulations

5. (2008太原市) ―Welcome to our city! I hope you can have a good time here.

―I’m sure I will._______ .

A. Thank you B. Never mind

C. That’s right

6. (2008嘉峪关市) ―Have a nice weekend, Danny.

―_______.

A. Not at all B. Me, too

C. The same to you D. That’s all right

Key: 1. B2. B3. D4. A5. A6. C

五、 表达“同情”、“遗憾”和“安慰”的语句

表示“同情”和“遗憾”的语句有: What a pity. /It’s a pity. (真遗憾/真可惜。) I’m sorry to hear that. (听到此消息,我很难过。) Bad luck. /That’s too bad. (倒霉。)

表示“安慰”的语句有: Take it easy. /Take your time. /Don’t worry, everything will is OK. (别着急、慢慢来,事情会变好的。)例如:

1. (2008海南省) ―An earthquake hit Wenchuan last month.

―_______.

A. Sorry to hear that B. Don’t worry

C. I see

2. (2008青海省) ―I have lost a chance to go abroad.

―_______.

A. What a pity B. Well done

C. Good luck

3. (2008云南省) ―Could you please wait for a while? I’ll be ready soon.

―Don’t worry._______ .

A. Forget it B. It take time

C. Take your time D. I don’t care

4. (2008潍坊市) ―Wilson hurt his arm yesterday.

―Really?_______

A. I’m terribly sorry. B. What’s wrong with him?

C. Who did that? C. How did that happen?

5. (2007恩施市) ―I missed a lot of lessons. I’m worried about the final exam.

―_______. I can help you with your lessons.

A. It’s OK B. Excuse me

C. Take it easy D. That’s all right

Key: 1. A2. A3. C4. A5. C

六、 表达“同意”和“不同意”的语句

表示“同意”的语句有: I agree. (我同意。) I think so. (我认为是这样。) I hope so. (我希望这样。) I’m afraid so. (恐怕是如此。) Good idea. (好主意。) That/It sounds great. (太好了。) No problem. (没问题。) All right. (好吧。)

表示“不同意”的语句有: I disagree. (我不同意。) I don’t think so. (我认为不是这样。) I hope not. (我不希望这样。) I’m afraid not. /I’m afraid I can’t. (恐怕不是如此。) Certainly not. /Of course not. (当然不是这样。) That’s a deal. (就这么决定了。)例如:

1. (2008黑龙江农垦总局) ―Do you think it will rain tomorrow?

―_______. Because farmers need rain very much.

A. I think so B. I hope so

C. I’m afraid so

2. (2008绍兴市) ―I think teenagers should be allowed to have part-time jobs.

―_______. Studying is more important for them.

A. I think so B. I disagree with you

C. Me, too D. No problem

3. (2008吉林省) ―We should love animals.

―_______. They are our friends.

A. I disagree B. I agree

C. I don’t think so D. I’m afraid so

4. (2007江西省) ―Oh, Mary’s not here these days. Is she ill?

―_______. Her mother told me that she was in hospital.

A. I’m afraid so B. I hope so

C. I don’t think so D. I believe so

5. (2007重庆市) ―I believe we’ve met before.

―No,_______ . I’ve never been here before.

A. it isn’t the same B. it’s true

C. I don’t think so D. I believe

Key: 1. B2. B3. B4. A5. C

七、 表达“道歉”的语句及“应答”语

表示“道歉”的语句有: I’m sorry. /Sorry. (对不起。) I’m sorry to trouble you. (对不起,打扰了。) Excuse me, please. (劳驾。) I’m sorry for doing sth. (我为做了某事表示歉意。)

“应答”语有: That’s OK. /That’s all right. /It’s nothing. /That’s nothing. (没关系。) Forget it. /Never mind. /It doesn’t matter. /Not at tall. (别介意。)例如:

1. (2008云南省) ―Didn’t you see the sign, sir? Smoking is not allowed here!

―_______.

A. Never mind B. I’m sorry

C. Don’t mention it D. Sure. I don’t smoke

2. (2008杭州市) ―I’m afraid I’ve broken the chair.

―_______, I can easily get it fixed.

A. No way B. Excuse me

C. Never mind D. Go ahead

3. (2007恩施市) ―I’m sorry for losing your book! I will buy a new one for you.

―_______. I have another one.

A. Thank you B. Never mind

C. No problem D. It’s a pleasure

Key: 1. B2. C3. B

八、 听到“称赞”、“表扬”时的“应答”语

中国人听到称赞、表扬时,通常要“自谦”一番,而西方人听到别人的称赞和表扬时,总要说“Thank you”, 以示礼貌。例如:

1. (2008金华市) ―Your English is very beautiful.

―_______.

A. You’re welcome B. Never mind

C. All right D. Thank you

2. (2007浙江省) ―Alice, you dance very well.

―_______.

A. Not so well B. That’s all right

C. Thank you D. I agree with you

Key: 1. D2. C

九、 表达“评价”的语句及“应答”语

What do you think of the book? /How do you like the book? (你觉得那本书怎么样?) It’s interesting. (有趣。) I like it. (我喜欢。) I dislike it. (我不喜欢。) I can’t stand it. (我不能忍受。) What do you think of Yao Ming? /How do you like Yao Ming? (你觉得姚明怎么样?) He’s is a good basketball player. (他是个优秀的篮球运动员。) He’s good. (他是优秀的。) I like him. (我喜欢他。) I’m interested in him. (我对他很感兴趣。)例如:

1. (2007柳州市、北海市) ―What do you think of the movie?

―_______.

A. It’s wonderful B. I’m going to see it next

C. Yes. What about you? D. Sure, I think so.

2. (2007临汾市) ―What do you think of your English teacher?

―_______. He’s knowledgeable and his class is lively.

A. I can’t stand him B. I like him C. He’s boring

Key: 1. A2. B