英语倒装面面观

一、部分倒装

1. 否定副词位于句首

I shall never forgive him. / Never shall I forgive him.

He seldom goes out for dinner. / Seldom does he go out for dinner.

She hardly has time to listen to music. / Hardly does she have time to listen to music.

【注意】

①对于not...until句型，当not until...位于句首时，其后的主句要用倒装语序：

He didn’t leave the room until the rain stopped. / Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room.

②某些起副词作用的介词短语，由于含有否定词，若位于句首，其后要用部分倒装：

On no accounts must this switch be touched.

In [Under] no circumstances will I lend money to him.

但是，in no time (立即，马上)位于句首时，其后无需用倒装语序：

In no time he worked out the problem.

2. “only+状语”位于句首

Only then did he realize that he was wrong.

Only in this way are you able to do it well.

Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened.

3. “so+adj. / adv.”位于句首

So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home.

So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed.

So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape.

4. “so+助动词+主语”倒装

You are young and so am I.

She likes music and so do I.

If he can do it, so can I.

【注意】

①若前面提出某一否定的情况，要表示后者也属于同样的否定情况，则应将其中的so改为neither或nor：

You aren’t young and neither am I.

She hasn’t read it and nor have I.

②注意该结构与表示强调或同意的“so+主语+特殊动词”结构的区别：

“It was cold yesterday.” “So it was.”

“Father, you promised.” “Well, so I did.”

5. 由not only...but also引出的倒装

Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet.

Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily.

6. 虚拟条件句的省略与倒装

Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him.

Should you require anything give me a ring.

Were it not for your help, I would still be homeless.

【注意】省略if后提前的had不一定是助动词：

Had I money, I would buy it.

二、完全倒装

1. here 和there位于句首

Here’s Tom.

There’s Jim.

Here comes the bus.

There goes the last train.

【注意】

①以上倒装句中的谓语动词come和go不能用进行时态，即不能说 Here is coming the bus.

②若主语为代词，则不倒装：

Here I am.

Here it comes.

③其中的动词有时也可能是stand, lie, live等表示状态的动词(表示存在)：

There stood a desk against the wall.

Once upon a time there lived a man known by the name of Beef.

2. away和down等位于句首时的倒装

Away went the runners.

Round and round flew the plane.

The door opened and in came Mr Smith.

Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas.

【注意】若主语为人称代词，则不能用倒装：

Away he went.

Down it came.

3. 状语或表语位于句首时的倒装

Among these people was his friend Jim.

By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand.

【注意】在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。比较：

In the box was a cat.

In the box were some cats.

4. 分词和不定式置于句首的倒装

Buried in the sands was an ancient village.

Standing beside the table was his wife.

To be carefully considered are the following questions.

（作者单位：江西省南昌市豫章中学）