超声对小儿先天性幽门狭窄及痉挛的鉴别诊断价值

时间:2022-10-11 08:33:55

超声对小儿先天性幽门狭窄及痉挛的鉴别诊断价值

[摘要] 目的 探讨超声对先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄和幽门痉挛的鉴别诊断价值。 方法 对本院已确诊为幽门狭窄的17例患儿(A组)采用超声技术测量其幽门管长度以及肌层厚度,同时与17例幽门痉挛患儿(B组)及17例正常婴儿的幽门管长度以及肌层厚度进行比较。 结果 A组的幽门管平均长度为(17.29±0.64) mm,幽门管环肌平均厚度为(5.31±0.16) mm;B组的幽门管平均长度为(12.94±0.67) mm,幽门管环肌平均厚度为(3.49±0.08) mm;对照组的幽门管平均长度为(11.25±0.64) mm,幽门管环肌平均厚度为(2.23±0.13) mm。A组的幽门管平均长度及幽门管环肌平均厚度均高于B组及对照组,各组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。 结论 超声检查可以准确把握婴儿的幽门管长度及幽门管环肌厚度,对幽门狭窄及痉挛的鉴别诊断有重要意义。

[关键词] 超声诊断;幽门狭窄;幽门痉挛

[中图分类号] R445.1 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2014)04(a)-0112-02

[Abstract] Objective To explore the differential diagnosis value of pediatric congenital pyloric stenosis and spasm by ultrasound. Methods 17 patients has been diagnosed of pyloric stenosis (group A) in our hospital,the helicobacter tube length and muscle layer thickness were measured by ultrasonic technology,and compared with 17 cases of pyloric spasm (group B) and 17 cases of normal infant children. Results The average length of tube was (17.29 ± 0.64) mm and pyloric ring muscle thickness was (5.31±0.16) mm in group A.The average length of tube was (12.94±0.67) mm and pyloric ring muscle thickness was (3.49±0.08) mm in group B.The average length of tube was (11.25±0.64) mm and pyloric ring muscle thickness was (2.23±0.13) mm in control group.The average length of pyloric tube pipe and circular muscle thickness of group A were higher than that of group B and control group respectively,and each group has significant difference (P0.05) in the average length of pyloric tube and thickness of pyloric ring muscle. Conclusion Ultrasound can accurately measure the length of tube and the ring muscle thickness of pyloric for baby,which has important significance in the differential diagnosis for pyloric stenosis and spasm

[Key words] Ultrasound diagnosis;Pyloric stenosis;Pyloric spasm

先天性幽门狭窄是一种较为常见的婴儿外科疾病,大多数婴儿表现为幽门括约肌增生,并形成硬质的纺锤状肿块。不良增生可挤压幽门管,使幽门管异常狭窄[1]。胃壁神经细胞出现变异是引起幽门狭窄的主要原因,且该病具有一定的遗传性。先天性幽门狭窄的诊断易与幽门痉挛相混淆,从而造成误诊[2]。近年来本院采用超声对先天性幽门狭窄以及幽门痉挛进行鉴别诊断,取得较好的效果,现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

选取本院2012年2月~2013年12月已确诊为幽门狭窄的17例患儿作为A组,其中男14例,女3例,年龄20~91 d,平均(41.3±2.3) d;另取17例幽门痉挛患儿作为B组,其中男13例,女4例,年龄1~95 d,平均(40.3±1.8) d;取17例正常婴儿作为对照组,其中男12例,女5例,年龄10~86 d,平均(39.7±1.7) d。3组患儿的年龄、性别等差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。

1.2 方法

使用GE Logic 7彩色超声诊断仪,频率为3~7 MHz,患儿禁食3 h左右以便确定有无胃潴留,同时禁食时间不宜太长,否则婴儿的饥饿哭闹不利于检查的进行。采用消化道液体充盈法对婴儿进行检查,取左侧卧位,探头置于腹部偏左侧,检测液体能够完全充实婴儿胃部后,根据液体移动情况判断幽门管的内径以及厚度的变化,测量幽门管长度及肌层厚度,并对3组数据进行比较。

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