英语中的垂悬分词

这类分词主要有：表示话题引入的coming to，speaking/talking of（相当于when it comes/came to）；表示话题涉及的concerning，regarding，respecting，touching；表示理由或原因陈述的allowing for（考虑，顾及，将……计算在内），considering，given，owing to；表示让步关系的granting，conceding；表示方式或凭借关系的depending on，judging by/from；表示否定假设关系的failing；表示包含或者排除意义的counting，including，excluding，without mentioning。例如：

Coming to/Speaking of/Talking of hobbies， what do you usually do on weekends？

说到业余爱好，你周末通常会做些什么？

Concerning/Regarding/Respecting/Touching tax cut， the two parties have not reached an agreement.

关于减税的问题，两党还未达成一致。

Allowing for inflation， the cost of the project is $2 million.

考虑到通货膨胀因素，项目的费用为200万美元。

He sees fairly well， considering/given the fact that he is sixty years of age.

就他现年60岁这一事实而论/鉴于（考虑到）他现年60岁这一情况，他的视力还不错。

John did quite well in his exams considering how little he studied.

考虑到约翰才学了那么一点点，他考得已经算是很不错了。

Owing to the fact that I had lost his adress， I did not know where I could find him.

由于我把他的地址弄丢了，我不知道在哪里可以找到他。

Granting all those facts， you still have not convinced me.

就算那些都是事实，你仍然没有说服我。

Conceding his superiority as a scholar， it is evident that he is inferior as a man.

即使承认他作为一个学者的过人之处，但显而易见他人品低劣。

The plant may grow to a height of several meters， depending on soil conditions.

这种植物可以长到好几米高，视土壤条件而定。

Judging by/from the look on Adam’s face， the news must have been terrible.

从亚当的表情来判断，肯定是可怕的消息。

Ask a friend to recommend a doctor or， failing that， ask for a list in your local library.

请朋友推荐一位医生，如果办不到就向当地图书馆要一份名单。

There are two cheep hotels， but failing either of these， you may as well go back to where you were before.

有两家廉价的旅馆，但如果两家都不行的话，你不妨回到以前住的地方。

There are only ten oranges in the basket， not counting the spoilt ones.

篮子里面只剩10个桔子，坏掉的不算在内。

Lunch costs $10 per person， including/excluding drinks.

午餐每人10英镑，酒水在内/除外。

There were three of us， without mentioning the child.

我们是三个人，不算那个孩子。

这类分词主要有：表示理由或原因的allowing that，considering （that），given that，seeing （that/as），表示让步关系的granting （that），granted （that），admitting （that），表示条件关系的assuming （that），presuming （that），supposing （that），providing （that），provided （that）。例如：

Allowing that she is lacking in experience， she has done a good job.

考虑到她缺少经验，她算是做得不错了。

This may seem an odd view to take， considering （that）/given that I am strongly in favor of the Maastricht Treaty.

鉴于我是坚决赞成《马斯特里赫特条约》的，所以在我看来这或许是个奇怪的观点。

We could have a joint party， seeing （that/as） your birthday is the same day as mine.

既然（鉴于）你和我的生日在同一天，我们可以一起开个生日聚会。

Granting （that）/Granted （that）/Admitting （that） he has enough money to buy the house， it doesn’t mean he is going to do so.

即使他有足够的钱买房子，也不一定意味着他要买。

Assuming （that）/Presuming （that）/Supposing （that） your wife got injured， wouldn’t you be tortured by remorse？

如果你的妻子受伤了，你难道不会很懊恼吗？

Providing （that）/Provided （that） he wins the support of the minority groups， he can win the election.

假如他赢得少数民族的支持，他就会赢得选举。

评注性状语对整个句子进行解释或者说明，表明说话者对话语的态度。用作评注性状语的垂悬分词的隐含主语一般就是说话者本人。通常有下面两种结构：第一种表示“……地说”， 以“坦率地说”为例，除了可以用to be frank/to speak frankly/to put it frankly等短语表示以外，还可以用 frankly speaking/putting it frankly/put frankly；另一种表示“总体看来，综合各方面来看”，除了用all things considered/everything taken into consideration，还可以用taking everything/all things into consideration/account。例如：

Honestly speaking/Putting it honestly/Put honestly， the situation is more than we can control.

老实说，情况现在超出了我们的控制。

Taking everything into consideration， the event was a great success.

总体说来，这次活动取得了巨大成功。