英语中的虚实看“条件”

⒈But for the Party, the disaster areas in Zhejiang Province, struck by the No. 14Typhoon, ________into normal so soon.

A.shouldn’t have returned

B.should return

C.wouldn’t have returned

D.would return

答案与解析：C。有时虚拟条件句并不出现，而是通过其他形式表现出来，如but for/without等构成的介词短语作为暗示条件句，相当于if引导的虚拟条件从句。

⒉You didn’t let me help. If we_____________together, you _____so tired.

A. worked; didn’t get

B. worked; wouldn’t get

C. were working; wouldn’t get

D. had worked; wouldn’t have got

答案与解析：D。本题考查条件句中虚拟语气的用法。题干didn’t let表明该题说的是过去的事情，与过去事实相反的假设，虚拟语气的从句用“had+过去分词”，主句用“would have+过去分词”的结构。

⒊If you _____tomorrow, you _____find the new manager working in the office.

A.should come; would

B.would come; would

C.省略es; might

答案与解析：A。与将来事实相反时，条件句中的谓语形式有3种：动词的过去式，should+动词原形，were ti +动词原形。

⒋She_______________much taller, but the cruel stepmother never let her eat enough.

A. can growB. can have grown

C. could grow D. could have grown

答案与解析：D。从后半句可知，此题省略了条件句“if the stepmother had let her eat enough”，所以用表示过去的虚拟语气。

⒌If he________________his legs in the last training, he______________the coming World Cup, which he has been longing to compete in.

A.hadn’t hurt; would join in

B.hadn’t hurt; would have taken part in

C.didn’t hurt; would go in for

D.didn’t hurt; would have taken part in

答案与解析：A。从句说的是过去，主句说的是将来，所以要用混合时间条件句。从句按照过去的假设用“had+过去分词”，主句按照将来的假设用“would+动词原形”。

⒍I was away the other day. Otherwise I__________with him about it.

A. had arguedB. would have argued

C. would argue D. argue

答案与解析：B。本题前一句是真实情况，后面是假设，其中otherwise含有if I had not been away the other day之意，隐含虚拟语气条件句，表示与过去事实相反，所以选择B项。在连词otherwise, or, but, but that, though. Once等引导从句时，主句经常使用虚拟语气。

⒎_____him not to do so, he wouldn’t have made such a serious mistake.

A. Did I persuade B. If I persuaded

C. If I should persuade D. Had I persuaded

答案与解析：D。本题考查虚拟条件从句中省略连词if的情况。根据主句wouldn’t have made可知从句该用“had+过去分词”。在if引导的虚拟条件句中，当从句谓语动词含有助动词had/should/were时,可将if省略，而将had/should/were置于句首，采用倒装语序，句意不变。本题答案had I persuaded=If I had persuaded。

⒏Yesterday, April walked away from the argument with anger. Or else she _______something she would regret later.

A. had saidB. said

C. might say D. might have said

答案与解析：D。此题考查含蓄条件句中情态动词在虚拟语气句型中的用法。从题中walked away可知是过去发生的事情，根据虚拟语气的结构可以推知如果不走开的话，可能会说些以后要后悔的话。Had said意为“已经说了”，所以不能选。

⒐well, I’m sorry to hear that. But such misunder― standing ____________________ .

A.will have been avoided

B.can be avoided

C.have had avoided

D.could have been avoided

答案与解析：D。此题属于无词语暗示条件句。根据前一句Well, I’m sorry to hear that.可以推断误会已经产生，根据but可以判断句中隐含了一个类似于If we had explained clearly beforehand条件句，所以选择D项。

10._______________more attention, the teenagers wouldn’t have begun to steal.

A. To giveB. Given

C. Having given D. Give

答案与解析：B。此题通过分词短语表达条件，to do表示目的，having given是完成时的主动状态下分词形式，give动词原形引导句子通常是祈使句，都不符题意。此处given表示被动且虚拟，相当于If they had given more attention…，假如给予更多的关心，这些孩子不会去偷窃的。

11. If the boy________________to leave school,_________ he __________a college student now.

A. wasn’t forced; will be

B. hadn’t been forced; would have been

C. hadn’t been forced; would be

D. hasn’t been forced; would be

答案与解析：C。虚拟语气在非真实条件句中所假设的是不可能有的条件，或者是与事实相反的条件，但有时主句和从句的谓语动词并不是相互呼应，这种条件句叫做混合条件句，又称为错综时间条件句。本题就是一例。从后一句可以肯定男孩现在不是大学生，与现在事实相反时主句谓语动词需用过去将来时，条件句是过去事情，则用过去完成时。当if条件句没有被明确表达出来时，称之为含蓄条件句。