特殊句式虚拟结构

1.省略连词if。在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had 或 should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。

Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up.

他要是来了，让他给我打个电话。

Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it.

我要是你，就不做这事。

2.suggest, order, propose, request, require, demand, advise, insist+ 宾语从句(should )do

He suggested that we (should) save money for the future.

The undergraduate insisted that he (should) go to work in the south.

注意：当suggest表示暗示，insist表示坚持观点,事实时，后接的宾语从句应当用真实语气。

His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.

He insists that doing morning exercises does good to people’s health.

3.It is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/required…+ that从句(should) do

It is proposed that more students should go to university.

4.My advice/suggestion/request/requirement/order/proposal…+ is +表语从句(should)do

My advice is that you should practise speaking English as often as possible.

The order from the commander was that the troops should set off for the front immediately.

5.His suggestion/advice/request/requirement…+ 同位语从句(should )do+ is..

The request that they should get more is reasonable.

6.It is natural/necessary/strange +that从句 (should) do表惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满、理应如此等。

It’s strange that he should have missed the train. (表竟然)

It is important that we should learn from others.(表理应如此)

It is a pity that he should not go with us.(表惊讶、不满)

7.wish + that clause (did/were 与现在相反)

wish + that clause (would/could/might + do与将来相反)

wish + that clause ( had done 与过去相反)

I wish I could go with them tomorrow.

I wish I had never met him.

8.It is (high/about) time + 从句(did或should do )

It is (high/about) time we went home.

9.would rather + clause (did 与现在或将来相反);(had done 与过去相反)

I would rather you came tomorrow.

I would rather you hadn’t told her the news.

10.省去条件从句或主句：表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略，但其含义仍可以推知。

①省去条件从句

You could have washed your clothes yourself.

你本可以自已洗衣服的。

省去了“If you had wanted to”)(事实是:你自己没洗衣服，因为你不想洗。)

②省去主句(常用以表示愿望) If only + clause ( did/were与现在相反)/ (would/could/might + do与将来相反) /( had done 与过去相反) “要是…….就好了“

If my grandmother were with me!

如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊!(事实是:祖母已不在世。)

If only she had not left!

如果她没走就好了!(事实是:她已经走了。)

If only he would come tomorrow!

If only I had taken her advice!

If only I were ten years younger!

注意：only if是“只要”的意思，从句中用陈述语气。

11.as if + clause (did/were 与现在相反) / (would/could/might + do与将来相反)/( had done 与过去相反)

She treats Kate as if she were her own daughter.

They talked as if they had been friends for years.

12.would like/was/were to have done something

I would like to have attended the party, but one of my friends came to see me.

13.but for+名词

But for your help we couldn’t have succeeded in the experiment.

14.注意虚拟条件从句的特殊形式

Without electricity, human life would be quite different today.

Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night would be freezing cold.

15.注意转折语气连词引导的虚拟语气

He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he would have scored a goal.

I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I should have written it down for her.

The captain kept calm in the terrible storm, otherwise the accident wouldn’t have been prevented.

Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she might have said something she would regret later.

16.注意分词和独立结构引导的虚拟语气

Given more than two hours, we could have done the work better.

Not having finished the work, he couldn’t have seen this film.