自主招生之写作类试题探析

写作是各高校在自主招生中必考的一个项目，有些大学不仅把写作部分的分值提得较高，而且字数要求也比较高。在形式上更是不拘一格，有些试卷写作部分包括小作文和大作文：小作文为应用文，大作文为议论文，字数在200词以上。也有一些高校的考题要求考生先翻译一段文字，然后再根据翻译中所表达的观点写一篇短文，谈谈自己的看法。这样的考试形式既考翻译，又考写作，很能看出学生的英语水平。这样的写作题材往往以议论文为主。

【真题点击之一】（五校联考2010）

Part A Directions: Translate the following text into English.

有人说成功取决于性格，但我认为什么性格都可能成功，关键是要分析自己的实际，做自己喜欢并擅长的事。这样，你才会坚持，不畏艰难，不轻易改变方向，这时，成功离你就不远了。

Part B Directions: Write an essay of 150 words in English, which is relevant to the idea conveyed in the Chinese text in Part A of this section.

【参考译文】 Some people say that one’s success is determined by his personality. But I believe that anyone can succeed regardless of what type of person he is. The key to success is, first of all, to know yourself well and then to find something you both like to do and are good at doing. In that case you will most likely hold on to it without giving in to any difficulties. If you stick to the goal you have set before, you will not be far away from success.

【参考范文】

Perseverance Is the Key to Success

Thousands of efforts to make the electric light bulb, Thomas Edison said, “ I haven’t failed. I’ve identified 10,000 ways that it doesn’t work.” Hellen Keller, Abraham Lincoln, Marie Curie and an endless list of other great achievers found that success inevitably arrives for everyone who perseverance.

But the question is raised concerning how we can persevere especially after meeting rejection or difficulties. Here are some tips. First of all, clarify your goal. State your goal in the present. Write desired outcomes―what you want to accomplish. Be detailed, specific and positive. Secondly, intend to achieve your goal. Know resources that can help you attain your goal, such as people, associations and the Internet. Thirdly, choose productive attitudes and behaviors. Don’t dwell in the past, and worry about what might happen or view yourself as a victim. Maintain optimism. Fourthly, develop the will to risk. Don’t fear mistakes. Learn from the mistakes and view them as opportunities to grow. Finally, persist and focus on goals daily. If you learn from set?鄄backs and stay on course, success will follow.

Try these tips for persevering, and you will succeed as long as you stick to your goals.

【方法指导】

这是一篇典型的议论文。既然要求与翻译中的观点相关，我们从翻译中可以清楚地找到写作的提纲。即三段内容：1. 文章开头：有人说成功取决于性格，但我认为性格不是主要因素。2. 文章主体：成功的关键是分析自己的实际，做自己喜欢并擅长的事。3. 文章结尾：只要你坚持不懈，不畏艰难，就能成功。有了文章的框架结构，文章就很容易入手。开头，结尾略写。中间部分要重点展开，即论述获得成功的关键因素。可通过列举事实或他人的例子来说明观点。

建议考生在下笔之前一定要认真审题。先确定文章主题，然后根据要求列出写作提纲(即文章分几段，开头、结尾写什么。中间分几个层次，用哪些例子或事实作支撑)。在写作时运用自己熟悉的表达方式和句型，尽量避免中式英语。

注意句与句之间连接词的使用，使文章在逻辑上更连贯。最后要仔细检查有没有语法错误或不正确的表达等。

【真题点击之二】 （上海交通大学 2009）

1. Directions: Write a notice based on the information given in Chinese. Write your notice on the Answer Sheet (20%)

说明：学校新装修的图书馆即将开放，请你为图书馆写一则通知。

内容：（1） 本学期图书馆开放时间：星期一至星期五：上午8:00至晚上10:00； 星期六/ 日：上午8:00至下午5:00；（2） 阅览室增添了一些新期刊杂志，欢迎大家借阅；（3） 上学期借书超期未还的老师和同学，请办理续借或还书手续，否则将不准继续借阅任何图书。（注意通知格式）

2. Directions: Write a composition on the topic “Changed by 2008 Beijing Olympic Games”. You may write your own title for the composition. Your composition should be no less than 200 words in length. (30%)

【参考范文】

Notice

Readers are requested to note the new library will be open during the following hours:

8:00 a.m. ～10:00 p.m. from Monday to Friday

8:00 a.m. ～5:00 p.m. on Saturday and Sunday

The reading room has got some new journals and magazines. Come and read them. For those teachers and students who keep the overdue library books borrowed in the last semester, please return them or apply for the renewal of the books. Otherwise you will not be allowed to borrow any books.

Changed by 2008 Beijing Olympic Games

The 29th Olympic Games in Beijing have come to an end, but the changes brought by this successful Olympiad are significant and long?鄄lasting.

First of all, China has impressed the whole world deeply by being able to providing top level organization of the Olympiad, infrastructure and accommodation. Resounding success of these Olympic Games definitely made a change in the history of sports. By fulfilling the specific commitments Beijing made when bidding for the honor of hosting the 2008 Summer Games, China has increased her reputation, and many foreigners look at China without stereotypes and prejudice.

Secondly, 2008 Beijing Olympic Games not only let us enjoy wonderful games but also raise our awareness of the importance of environment protection. Some reporters brought up the issue of pollution in Beijing, pointing out that air in Beijing has not appeared very clean or clear. During the Games, tougher control measures have been taken to guarantee air quality and the air quality was definitely improved. Although the Games were over, we still continue our efforts to reduce pollution and protect the environment.

Thirdly, Chinese are becoming more health?鄄conscious and keen on all kinds of exercise. In the community, many sports activities are held and the number of participants is growing. There is a quite popular greeting, “ Did you exercise today?”

It is impossible to mention all the changes brought by 2008 Beijing Olympic Games here. All these positive changes will definitely influence our life and make it better.

【方法指导】要在写作中得高分，词汇是基础，语法是保证，句型是关键。考生在训练中要重点关注以下几点：

（1） 要抓好词汇训练，熟记词汇表中的高频词汇。同时，要尽可能扩大自己的词汇，如上篇中用到infrastructure, accommodation, resound, stereotypes等词，要求学生具有一定词汇积累。

（2） 要熟练掌握和运用词法和句法知识，避免书面表达中的语法错误。

（3） 在短时间内提升谋篇能力和遣词造句能力的有效方法是：掌握必要的“启、承、转、合”常用词句。如“Changed by 2008 Beijing Olympic Games ”一文中所用的first of all, secondly, thirdly等词较好地连接了各段落之间的内容。“启”――创造良好开端。常用表达 “启”的过渡词语和词组有: in the first place, to begin with等。 常用表达 “启”的句型有: as is known to all; as the proverb says等。“承”――顺势承上启下。常用表达“承”的过渡词语和词组有：in addition; besides; what’s more; in other words等。常用表达 “承”的句型有: It is no wonder that...; There is no doubt that...等。“转”――巧妙转折过渡。常用表达“转”的过渡词语和词组有：but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary等。常用表达 “转”的句型有: Every coin has two sides. But for...等。“合”――完美结束段落或全文。 常用表达“合”的过渡词语和词组有：in a word, in conclusion, in summary等。常用表达 “合”的句型有: it can be safely concluded from... that...; it may be briefly summed up as follows等。

掌握方法，适度训练，定能在书面表达题上起到事半功倍的效果。