高考阅读理解解题技巧例谈

阅读理解题是考查学生英语阅读理能力以及通过对文章的阅读获得有用信息并进行处理的能力。它在历年的高考中可以说是一个重头戏。每年至少四篇文章。共设20道小题，每小题2分，共40分。可以说，高考英语的成败与阅读理解题做得好坏与否有着直接的联系。因此，解好英语阅读理解题至关重要。笔者根据多年的教学探索结合对历年的高考英语试题的研究，在此提出粗浅的看法。

一、阅读理解的题型设置

要想做好阅读理解题，首先要对阅读理解的题型设置非常熟悉，才能够在解题时做到有的放矢。阅读理解的题型归纳起来无外乎以下几种。

1、猜测词义：即根据文章及句子的意思猜测出某一个词在文中的具体意思。常见设题方式为Whatdoesthe underlinedword／phrase in Para，X probably means according to the passage?What doesthe bold word in the passage refer to?etc，

2、归纳大意和逻辑推理即根据所给材料归纳出整篇文章或某一段落的大概意思或推理出其中隐含的意思。常见设题方式为

(1) What’s the main idea of the passage?

(2) What can we learn from the passage?

(3) What can we infer from the passage?

3、确定标题：即根据文章的叙述来确定文章的标题。常见设题方式为：

(1) Which of the following can act as the title of this passage?

(2) What’s the best title of the passage?

4、正误判断：即根据文章的叙述，进行细节判断。常见设题方式为：

(1) Which of the following statements is True/False according tothe passage?

(2) Which of the following statements is (not) mentioned in thepassage?

5、事件排序：即根据文章中所述事件发生的时间顺序或空间顺序进行正确排列。常见设题方式为：

(1) Which is the right order of the events mentioned in the passage?

6、作者意图或态度：即根据文章的叙述挖掘出作者的意图或情感态度。常见设题方式为：

(1) What’s the author’s / writer’s attitude towards somethingaccording to the passage?

(2)What does the author want to tell us?

二、阅读理解的基本方法

1、查读(Seiningl即根据问题设置，带着问题浏览文章。直接查寻符合问题答案的阅读方法。这对猜测词意类题型非常有用。

2、略读(skimming)；即根据已读文章，结合问题，简略阅读文章，以确认所选答案的正确性。

3、速读(Fast-reading)：即快速阅读文章，掌握文章大意，判断某类事件是否在文章作过陈述。

4、细读(Careful-reading)；仔细阅读文章，进行认真推敲，判断作者的真实意图及所持的情感态度。

三、阅读的步骤

1、先看问题：做到读前心中有数。

2、确定方法：把握阅读有效时间。

3、阅读文章：确保问题真实出处。

4、选择答案：解决问题最终目的。

5、复读文章：核实判断错误与否。

6、检查答案：保障答案真实有效。

四、阅读方法的具体应用

(1)猜测词义类：宜使用查读法，确认所需猜测词义的词或短语的出处，再根据上下文来猜测其真实含义。

(2)归纳大意类：宜使用速读和细读的方法。阅读时特别要注意文章或段落的首句或尾句(即文章的主题句，当然有时主题句也可能出现在段中)。此时要注意有些表示总结性的短语的使用如：In a word，All above等。

(3)确定标题类：宜使用细读的方法。只有你通过对整文章的详细阅读和认真分析，你才能正确把握文章的主旨大意，你才能够给其一个确切的标题。

(4)正误判断类：宜使用查读、略读、速读等方法。具体使用反证法，即从文章中找出与选项相反的叙述(对NOTTRUE或NOT MENTIONED类有效)。

(5)事件排序类：宜使用查读、略读、速读(代入法)。具体为：

i)确定最先发生和最后发生的事件

ii)排除与所定事件顺序不同的两个选项；

iii)再对细节部分进行代入验证，确定答案。

(6)作者意图或所持态度类：宜使用细读法，通读全文，进行认真推理。

例：2005年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(全国卷

II)阅读理解B

The days of elderly women doing nothing hut cooking huge meals onholidays are gone. Enter the Red Hat Society

a group holding the beliefthat old ladies should have fun.

“My grandmothers didn’t do anything but keep house and serveeverybody. They were programmed to do that,”said Emily Comette, headof a chapter of the 7-year-old Red Hat Society.

While men have long spent their time fishing and playing golf,women have sometimes seemed to become unnoticed as they age. But thegeneration now turning 50 is the baby boomers (生育高峰期出生的人), and the same people who refused their parents’ way of being youngare now trying a new way of growing old.

If you take into consideration feminism (女权主义), a bit of spare

money, and better health for most elderly, the Red Hat Society looksalmost inevitable (必然的). In this society, women over 50 wear redhats and purple (紫色的) clothes, while the women under 50 wearpink hats and light purple clothing.

“The organization took the idea from a poem by Jenny Joseph thatbegins:‘When I am an old woman, I shall wear purple / With a red hatwhich doesn’t go.’” Said Ellen Cooper, who founded the Red HatSociety in 1998. When the ladies started to wear the red hats, theyattracted lots of attention.

“The point of this is that we need a rest from always doing some-thing for someone else,”Cooper said,“Women feel so ashamed andsorry when they do something for themse]ves.”This is why chapters arediscouraged from raising money or doing anything useful.“We’re aLadies’play group. It couldn’t be more simple,”added Cooper’sassistant Joe Heywood.

44. The underlined word“chapter”in Paragraph 2 means_____.

A. one branch of an organization

B. a written agreement of a club

C. one part of a collection of poems

D. a period in a society’s history

45. From the text, we know that the“baby boomers”are a group ofpeople who

A. have gradually become more noticeable

B. are worried about getting old too quickly

C. are enjoying a good llfe with plenty of money to spend

D. tried living a different life from their parents when they wereyonng

46. It could be inferred from the text that members of the Red HatSociety are __

A. interested in raising money for social work

B. programmers who can plan well for their future

C. believers in equality between men and women

D. gnod at cooking big meals and taking care or others

44，答案：A

这是一道猜义题。根据其定语“of the 7-year-old Red HatSociety”可猜出这个词的意思是“某个组织的一个分部”。

45，答案：D

这是一道细节推断题。第三段“But the generation nOW turn-ing 50 is the baby boomers，and the same people who refused theirparents’wayofbeingyoungarenowtryinganewwayofgrowingold，”说明他们想过一种新的生活。

46，答案：C

这是一道推断题。根据这篇短文的内可推断出这个组织的成员相信男女平等。