高考英语常考易错点分析及解题技巧

一、对名词性从句引导词的考查

1.Tomorrow is Tom’s birthday.Have you got any idea______the party is to be held?(08陕西)

A.what B.which C.that D.where

解析:根据观察可知,这是一个同位语从句,并且正确的理解应该为:你知道聚会在哪儿举行吗?因此从句部分并不完整。故选D项。

2.Could I speak to ______is in charge of International Sales please?(09全国卷I)

A.who B.what C.whoever D.whatever

解析:审题得知,speak to后缺少宾语,并且可以判断出后面的宾语为一个宾语从句。而且这个宾语从句本身也缺少主语,并且指人,故排除B、D两项。又因为说话人并不知道:具体哪一个人负责国际销售,因此是不确定的。故选C项。

3.______was most important to her,she told me,was her family.(08山东)

A.It B.This C.What D.As

解析:首先理解句意:对她最重要的东西是她的家庭。宏观上看,是主系表结构。并且主语部分是一个句子,该句子也缺少主语,指物,故用What。

4.The last time we had great fun was ______we were visiting the Water Park.(08天津)

A.where B.how C.when D.why

解析:由句意可知,表语从句需要when才完整,否则无法理解整句话。

解题技巧:认真体会语境,分析从句部分是否完整,以此来选择相应的引导词。

二、用“时间数轴”解时态题

对于一些较为复杂的时态题,用数轴来理解将更为直观明了。在这里,对“时间数轴”作一下简要介绍。

1.She stared at the painting,wondering where she ______it.(09重庆)

A.saw B.has seen C.sees D.had seen

图表解析:

故答案为D项。

2.By the time Jane gets home,her aunt ______for London to attend a meeting.(05天津)

A.will leave B.leaves C.will have left D.left

图表解析:

当Jane到家的时候(发生在将来),她的叔叔已经飞往伦敦了。到将来某个时候为止已经发生完成的动作,我们使用将来完成时态,故答案为C项。

三、利用疑问词在句中的作用解题

1.――What should I do with this passage?

――______the main idea of each paragraph.(05重庆)

A.Finding out B.Found out C.Find out D.To find out

解析:根据分析,What疑问词在这个疑问句中作do的宾语。因此,第二个人的回答的内容重点应该是do what,即句子“I should find out the main idea of each paragraph”省略形式,故答案为C项。

2.――Where did you get to know her?

――It was on the farm ______we worked.(07山东)

A.that B.there C.which D.where

解析:很多学生看到这个题,感觉很困惑,不知道选A项还是D项,因为如果只从句子结构分析,则两项均成立,一个是强调句型,一个是定语从句。但是,我们在仔细体会语境之后,会发现:第一个人是针对地点进行提问,故第二个人的回答重点是where,因此,我们选择定语从句较为合适,突出了重点。而用强调句型则曲解了整个语境。

四、where引导的定语从句(从句中缺少抽象的地点状语从句)

1.Life is like a long race ______we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.(09重庆)

A.why B.what C.that D.where

解析:在此题中,定语从句修饰抽象的地点名词race;从句部分缺少地点状语in the race,故选D项。

2.――What do you think of teaching,Bob?

――I find it fun and challenging.It is a job ______you are doing something serious but interesting.(09北京)

A.where B.which C.when D.that

解析:在此题中,定语从句修饰抽象的地点名词job;从句部分缺少地点状语in the job,故答案选项A项。

解题技巧:①定语从句中一般缺少主语、宾语或状语。如果主语和宾语都不缺少,观察一下是否缺少状语成分。

②这类定语从句的先行词不表示具体的地点,而是在头脑中可以想象出来的抽象的地点名词,如position,situation,point,stage等。因此,我们的认识不可僵化。

五、对虚拟语气的考查

1.情态动词+have done(表示对过去的虚拟或推测)

(1)He did not regret saying what he ______did but felt that he it differently.(09江苏)

A.could express B.would express C.could have expressed D.must have expressed

解析:根据对内容和语境的理解,我们得知此题考查对过去的虚拟,因此排除A、B两项。D项表示对过去的肯定推测,故答案为C项。

(2)She ______have left school,for her bike is still here.(08天津)

A.can’t B.wouldn’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t

解析:根据句意,本题考查对过去的推测,故选A项。

2.含蓄的虚拟语气

(1)But for the help of my English teacher,I ______the first prize in the English Writing Competition.(09福建)

A.would not win B.would not have won

C.would winD.would have won

解析:but for意为“要不是”,在这里引导对过去的虚拟,相当于if I had not had the help of my English teacher,故答案为B项。

(2)Thank you for all your hard work last week.I don’t think we ______it without you.(08山东)

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A.can manageB.could have managed

C.could manage D.can have managed

解析:without意为“如果没有……”,在这里引导对过去的虚拟,相当于if we hadn’t had your hard work,故答案为B项。除了without和but for以外,还有otherwise,in case,for fear等可引导这类虚拟语气。

六、巩固练习

1.News came from the school office ______Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.(09四川)

A.which B.what C.that D.where

2.As his best friend,I can make accurate guesses about ___he will do or think.(08上海)

A.what B.which C.whom D.that

3.______wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.(08浙江)

A.Anyone B.The one C.Whoever D.Who

4.The traditional view is ______we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.(07上海)

A.when B.why C.whether D.that

5.――I’m sorry.I ______at you the other day.

――Forget it.I was a bit out of control myself.(08江苏)

A.shouldn’t shout B.shouldn’t have shouted

C.mustn’t shout D.mustn’t have shouted

6.What a pity.Considering his ability and experience,he ______better.(08江西)

A.need have done B.must have done

C.can have done D.might have done

7.I have reached a point in my life ______I am supposed to make decisions of my own.(09浙江)

A.which B.where C.how D.why

8.――What are you anxious about?

――______.

A.If we succeed B.That we can succeed

C.Do we succeed D.Whether we can succeed

9.The hotel wasn’t particularly good.But I ______in many worse hotels.(08北京)

A.was staying B.stayed C.would stay D.had stayed

答案:CACDBDBDD

解析:1.同位语从句中不缺少任何成分,故选that,且不可省略。

2.宾语从句中缺少do和think的宾语,故选what。

3.主语从句中缺少主语,并且指人,具有不确定性,故选whoever。

4.表语从句中不缺少任何成分,因此,用that引导,且不可省略。

5.由题意可知,表达对过去虚拟“当初不应该……”,故选B项。

6.由题意可知,表达对过去推测“也许做得更好”,但把握性并不大。故选D项。

7.定语从句修饰先行词point,并且从句中缺少抽象的地点状语at the point,故选B项。

8.what在问句中作介词about的宾语。所以,选择的答案也可作about的宾语,因此,故选D项,即“I am anxious about whether we can succeed.”的省略形式,在这里whether不可用if替代。

9.根据画数轴可看出,在这里正确的时态应是过去完成时态。

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