阅读理解十招猜词技巧

在阅读课文的过程中同学们往往会遇到某个生词或者新的习惯用语而却查阅词典或者课本附录中的词汇表，这既影响了阅读速度又中断了阅读理解的思维活动，不利于形成良好的阅读习惯；但也不提倡在教阅读课文前专门学习单词，因为那样不符合以后在自学和工作中遇到问题如何解决的实际。那么怎样知道新的单词或者习惯用语呢？最佳方法是，在阅读中应用猜词技巧，这儿就献出十招

一、根据语境猜测

1. Then we took off and flew over a part of the forest. What a sad sight it was! For miles I could see nothing except a great fire and lots of smoke.

文中描述，除了大火和浓烟什么也看不见。读者自然会与作者产生共鸣："多么使人悲伤的情景！"于是，sight的含义一点即明。

2. The doctor looked over Mrs. Brown very carefully. At last she said:" There''''s nothing much wrong with you…"

从carefully，at last这些字眼以及医生说的话推断出，look over意为"检查"。

二、根据常识猜测

将已知常识与句子对上号，生词或者习惯用语意义自明。

1. As a result of the movement of the plate, west America near the sea has always been a bad place for earthquakes.

这里plate不是指"盘子"，这是显然的。那么它是什么意思呢？由movement联想到"漂移"，又由这句话提及的均是地理方面的内容，再联系地理知识中的"大陆漂移板块学说"而知plate意为"板块"。

2. It''''s necessary to use a short-wave radio to pick up the programmes.

根据常识，收音机用来接收节目，故推知pick-up在这句话中的含义是"（在无线电里）收听到"的意思。

三、根据解释猜测

1. On Christmas Eve-the night before Christmas Day…

破折号的用途之一是表示进一步解释，据此不难推知Christmas Eve的含义。

2. First aid is the science of giving medical care to a person before a doctor can be found.

句中的解释已显示出first aid的含义："急救"。

四、根据所举例子猜测

1. When we talk about the universe, we mean the earth, the sun, the moon and the stars, and the space between them.

将所举的例子综合起来看，不难猜知universe指"宇宙"。

2. We send message to the people around us also by our expression and body movements. A smile and handshake show welcome. Waving one''''s hand is to say "Goodbye". Nodding the head means agreement, while shaking it means disagreement. These gestures are accepted…

微笑、握手、挥手、点头、摇头是指"友善的表示；手势"，gesture在此处正是此意。

五、根据因果关系推测

1. She hated traveling by air: the seats were too narrow, and the journey was always too long.

句子中的冒号表示说明原因，再由两处出现too（太），其语气暗示"不喜欢，讨厌"，hate的含义由此可知。

2. Many less-developed countries are in debt because they borrowed money from rich countries in order to develop industry.

borrow money必然"负债"，in debt其意易知。

六、根据相对或者相反关系推测

1. Nodding the head means agreement, while shaking it means disagreement.

"摇头"（shaking the head）表示不同意（disagreement），那么，如何表示同意（agreement）呢？当然是"点头"。nod含义已出。

2. Traveller and business people both at home and abroad have greatly helped by this new computer.

并列连词and可用来连接语法作用相同的词、短语和句子。由abroad意为"在国外"可知at home指"在国内"。

七、根据句子同位语的功能猜测

1. Now he was in Cairo, the capital of Egypt.

埃及的首都是开罗，人所共知。根据同位语用来对前者作进一步解释这一功能猜知：Cario即"开罗"。

2. Walt Disney, the great film-maker, was born in Chicago in 1901.

Walt Disney是谁？同位语告诉你，他是一位伟大的电影制作者。

八、根据构词法猜测

构词法主要有派生法、复合法、转化法几种，利用它们也可以帮助识词。

1. Is she very unhappy without me?

已知happy意为"快乐"，前缀un-表示"不，非"，易得出unhappy的意思。

2. Before coins appeared, seashells, rings, bamboo sticks, wood and piece of cloth were all used for money.

知sea是"海"， shell是"贝壳"，seashell 意义自显："海贝"。

3. Water the plant so that they will grow.

water本是名词，在此句中转化为动词："浇以水；浇灌"。

九、从文章格式猜测

实用文体如书信、日记、通知等都有其特殊的格式，据此可以直接猜知单词的含义。

1. Look at this letter from Wang Wei to her pen friend in Australia.

课文就是一篇日记，从文章格式看，极易猜知letter意指何物。

2. Read this diary and find out the answer to this question…

何为diary？一看该课文章格式便知。

十、结合课文插图猜测

1. Edison took all the lights in the house and put them on a long table. Then he put the big mirror behind them.

从该课课文插图来看，爱迪生手持一面大镜子，镜前为许多燃烧的蜡烛。这正是上面两句所描述的。由此可知，mirror即"镜子"。

2. The earliest coins in the world were used in China from more than 3000 years ago.

课文的插图中列举了数种中国古钱币，由此得到启发，猜测coin即"铸币；硬币"。