小额担保贷款铺就巾帼创业路

UNITY: The small loan policy is dedicated to release women’s employment pressure, so what’s the background of making such a policy?

Cui Yu: Getting employed is women’s basic right for living and development. In 2009, the employment situation for women was intense due to the global financial crisis. An incomplete statistics shows that in urban areas, female entrepreneurs who run nearly 20% of the small and medium enterprises were having narrowed financial channels. In rural areas, the biggest challenge for women was the shortage of funds. In colleges and universities, the number of yet employed female graduates was rising over years, and the unemployment rate for women between the age of 21 to 29 was 14.4%.

To implement the strategy to “maintain growth, protect people's livelihood and maintain stability”, relax the female employment pressure caused by the global financial crisis and solve women’s most-concerned and most-urgent employment problems, ACWF coordinated Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and People’s Bank of China to draw up the “Notice of Improving Policy of Discount Interest of Small Secured Loans to Promote Women's Entrepreneurship and Employment” (2009, Document No.72).This breakthrough policy successfully supported the entrepreneurs and employment of women, which facilitated economy’s rapid development and social stability.

UNITY：妇女小额贷款政策主要用于破解妇女就业资金瓶颈，推动妇女创业就业。这样一项政策的制定是基于怎样的现实背景？

崔郁：就业是妇女最基本的生存权和发展权。2009年，受全球金融危机的影响，妇女创业就业形势十分严峻。据不完全统计，在城镇，占中小企业家近20%的女企业家的融资渠道变窄；在农村，妇女在发展生产中的最大困难就是缺资金；在高校，尚未落实工作岗位的应届高校女大学生及离校未就业的高校毕业女大学生人数呈逐年增加，学校毕业后2l至29岁年龄段出现了14.4％的失业妇女。

为贯彻落实党中央提出的“保增长、保民生、保稳定”的战略部署，有效缓解金融危机造成的妇女就业压力，切实推动解决城乡妇女最关心、最迫切的就业问题，全国妇联协调推动财政部、人力资源和社会保障部、中国人民银行四部委在原国家下岗失业人员小额担保贷款政策基础上，制定了《关于完善小额担保贷款财政贴息政策、推动妇女创业就业工作的通知》（财金200972号文件）。这项具有突破性意义的创业扶持政策，为妇女创业提供了有力的支持，适应了城乡妇女就业发展的客观需要，有助于促进经济增长、社会稳定。

UNITY: It’s been reported that during the first 4 years of Policy of Discount Interest of Small Secured Loans to Promote Women's Entrepreneurship and Employment, some applicants failed to apply for loans due to the high thresholds, cumbersome approval procedures and lack of guarantee funds. So how do authorities plan to solve these problems?

Cui Yu: Local women federations have been coordinating finance, human resources and social security departments, banks and other relevant departments to practice innovations and solve these problems. For instance, to simplify the procedures and reduce the cycles, Liangzhou, Wuwei of Gansu province integrated women federation, labor bureau and other relevant departments into one office and reduced the time for applying loans from almost 50-60 days to 4-10 days; Kai Feng, Henan set accounts exclusively for females to apply for entrepreneur loans and reduce the time for procedures to 2 days. And for the restrictions in guarantee links, ACWF has focused their efforts on extending the guarantee funds and achieving diversification. For example, the women Federations in Gansu has been supported by the Ministry of Finance to extend the range of guarantee agencies, and laid down policies for finance departments on province, city and county levels to enrich the guarantee funds at the rate of 1:1 ; Yunnan Province has formulated a working model to relieve women’s counter-guarantee by registering 200 million RMB as guarantee fund; Ningxia lightened the requirements for counter-guarantee and allowed applicants to use personal property as guarantee, joint guarantee with villagers or even local officials, lowing the thresholds and helping women solve the difficulties.

UNITY：据悉，在“妇小贷”政策实施的近四年间，部分申请者曾因申办程序繁琐、缺乏担保资金等问题而申请失败，对此，相关部门是否能够采取有效措施去应对？

崔郁：各地妇联组织与财政、人社、银行等相关部门创新实践，共同破解工作难题，推动工作顺利开展。针对申办手续繁琐的问题，各地妇联组织因地制宜，创新服务模式，简化手续、缩短周期。如甘肃武威市凉州区采取 “一门式”服务方式，把妇联、劳动局等几家单位集中在一起办公，办理贷款时间由原来的50―60天缩短为4―10天；河南开封市分性别建立妇女创业就业贷款台帐，妇女从提交申请到领取贷款仅需2天时间。针对担保环节的制约问题，妇联组织明确把扩大担保基金规模、探索多元化反担保方式作为工作的着力点。如甘肃省妇联协调争取财政部政策支持，以“一事一议”的方式扩大全省妇女小额贷款担保机构范围，并推动省政府出台政策，按省、市、县三级财政1：1：1比例注资充实担保基金；云南省推出了“贷免扶补”的小额贷款工作模式，政府出资2亿元统一提供担保、免除妇女的反担保；宁夏区放宽了反担保条件，可以以个人财产担保，也可以由村民联保，还可由乡、村干部担保，降低反担保门槛，帮助更多农村妇女解决贷款难问题。

UNITY: The implementation of small guaranteed loan for women policy involves the departments of finance, labor, banks and more, so how will they coordinate with each other to ensure its successful implement?

Cui Yu: The working mechanics of small guaranteed loans for women and the thorough service for the loans concern its popularity among women and sustainable development. In the execution of the policy, women’s federation takes the initiative to communicate and coordinate with of finance, human resources and social security, and monetary institutions, and takes a series of measures including setting up smooth working mechanics, carrying out pertinent investigations, holding working conferences, and promoting the distribution of guiding documents, in order to guarantee the successful operation of the policy in united efforts. The efforts involve three aspects. Firstly, efforts should be made to promote the buildup of the working mechanics which is “led by government, initiated by women’s federation and carried out jointly by relevant departments”, figure out working plans and ensure the implementation according to local conditions. For example, Jiangxi Province has established coordinating groups of small guaranteed loans for women which consist of local office of finance, fiscal institutions, human resources and social security departments, People’s Bank, women’s federation, managing banks, etc. on provincial, municipal and county levels. The coordinating groups are in charge of organizing, coordinating and monitoring activities, set up routine conference system, discover and solve problems in time, forming a joint attempt to promote the policy. Secondly cooperative researches and investigations should be conducted in grassroots to explore the actual working situation and existing problems. In recent years, we have surveyed many regions like Gansu, Xinjiang and Jiangxin provinces dozens of times, and held promotion seminars in coordination with authorities concerned, for the purpose of tackling local working troubles like guarantee and subsidized interest and promoting the implementation of the policy. Thirdly, guiding documents should be distributed to regulate the lending operation as well as to instruct grassroots practices to steadily encourage the carry-out of the work. All-China Women's Federation (ACWF) has put forward Document No.26 with the aim of guiding local authorities to further regulate the loan’s issuance, management and recycling and guaranteeing its quality and safety together for the continuous progress of small guaranteed loans for women.

UNITY：“妇小贷”政策的实际操作涉及到财政、劳动、银行等多个部门和单位，各部门、单位如何协调以确保政策的顺利实施？

崔郁：妇女小额担保贷款工作机制是否顺畅，服务是否到位，关系到政策能否受到广大妇女的欢迎，以及工作的可持续发展。在政策执行中，妇联组织主动作为，积极与财政、人社、金融机构等相关单位沟通协调，建立顺畅的工作机制，合力推动工作的深入开展：一是推动各地建立“政府主导、妇联牵头、各部门联动”的工作机制，因地制宜，制定实施方案，抓好政策落实。如江西省市县三级分别成立了由政府金融办、财政、人社、人民银行、妇联、经办银行等单位组成的妇女小额担保贷款工作协调小组（联席会），负责组织、协调、推动和监督工作。二是深入基层开展联合调研。近两年，我们赴甘肃、新疆、江西等地开展了十多次工作调研，同时协调相关部委召开工作研讨推进会，帮助地方破解担保、贴息等工作难题,推动政策落实。三是下发指导性文件，规范贷款操作，指导基层实践，稳步推进工作开展。全国妇联出台妇字[2012]第26号文件，指导各地进一步规范贷款的发放、管理与回收，确保贷款质量与安全，确保妇女小额担保贷款工作健康持续开展。

UNITY: With the present achievements, what is the next step for small guaranteed loan for women policy?

Cui Yu: Through four-year exploration and practices, the work on small guaranteed loans for women has gained remarkable results,and played a positive role in facilitating womens's entrepreneurship and employment,local development,economic prosperity and social stability.The policy is affirmed by all-level authorities and welcomed by the majority of women.Next, we will follow the "unified, safe, effective and sustainable" general principle to continue to push forward the important role played by the entrepreneurship microcredit. We will also promote the steady, healthy and sustainable implementation of this policy to benefit more women and families.

UNITY：在现有的成果基础上，妇女小额担保贷款工作下一步将如何进行？

崔郁：经过近四年的探索与实践，全国妇女小额贷款工作取得了显著成效，在带动妇女创业就业、促进地方产业发展、经济繁荣与社会稳定方面发挥了积极作用，得到了各级党政的肯定和广大妇女群众的欢迎。下一步，我们将按照“规范、安全、有效、持续”的总原则，继续发挥好小额贷款在促进妇女创业就业工作中的重要作用，推动这项政策稳步、健康、可持续实施，惠及更多的妇女和家庭。