“造”就你的电视新闻

事隔多月，我们似乎已经开始淡忘“陕西华南虎”这曾经轰动一时的事件了。然而，我们已本着天罗地网似的怀疑精神来审视这个世界―任何一样东西都有可能是造假炒作，就连新闻媒体也有嫌疑。我们平时看到的电视新闻又有多少是“造”出来的呢？小编这就带你一同探究电视新闻的幕后

工作……

Telling the viewers they are seeing something when they are actually seeing something different is, in the opinion of all reputable[著名的] TV makers, beyond the pale[越轨的]. But what of the ordinary techniques that TV producers use every day in pursuit of[追求] their craft[手艺]?

In the current atmosphere, some TV producers worry that a lot of what we in the industry take for granted[想当然]

might now need to be reconsidered. Girish Juneja brings you the most honest report you’ll ever see.

Here I am reporting from outside the High Court. Now you might think that means I have been inside the High Court listening to a case, but I haven’t. And more often than not, reporters would have stayed in the

office. They would have kept up with developments by reading the oral important in newswires[新闻专线]. They might have made a phone call or two and even filmed an

interview. This is just one of the tricks of our trade, but is it

dishonest?

Juneja: You are happy? Yeah, I hate wearing ties. … And start walking.

Take this for example, it’s called an establisher. It enabled me to say something impressive about this person that I am about to interview.

Hostess: Faking certainly is common in Television.

Across the…Oh, yeah, sure, okay. Faking is

endemic[普遍的] in all television. Across the…

I have just helped create a brief striking[显著的]

remark. You may know it is a sound bite[原声摘要播出], but without, I hope, any misrepresentation[误传]. Now for the cutaway[切换镜头]. A shot of me helps us edit the interview. But a cutaway also makes you think we are listening to each other. In reality though, as we usually only have one camera, these are shot afterwards. Is that a lie?

This is where it’s all done, the edit. The camera man forgot to record the sound on the street shot. But that’s okay, we can add some.

Juneja: I think something VROOM, VROOMing would sound right, Mike. You know, VROOM, VROOM.

Is this cheating? Generally it’s thought not. But putting gunfire over a battle scene, for example, would be a different story.

And by the way, this is a pieced[拼凑的] camera, and this one was written hours ago before I even went out filming. But that’s because I largely knew what my

conclusions were going to be. Dose that make it untrue?

Well, no. Because for most pieces, by the time I start filming, I have done enough research to know what I need to say. So a TV producer that values perfec-

tionism[完美主义] wouldn’t bend editorial meaning, but all of us use techniques to make watchable television. It’s

for the public to

decide whether they are justified.

Juneja: Oh, it’s all so boring. I will say something with you. What’s…what’s

next? (Faking is…)

That’s the bite. Use that bite, Mike.

Perfect.

告诉电视观众他们正在观看的节目实际上并不是那么一回事――所有著名电视制作人都会认为这样的做法是不妥当的。然而，在追求技术质量的过程中，电视节目制作人日常应用的一些普通技巧是什么？在现在的环境下，一些电视制作人担心，一些业内认为理所应当的事情需要重新审视了。格利希・杰尼扎将带给你最真实的报道。

现在，我正在高级法院外为您现场报道。这会儿，你可能以为这意味着我已经进过高级法院，旁听了一起案件的审判――然而我没有。更普遍的情况是，记者们可能坐在办公室里，通过阅读新闻专线中的重要口头新闻来跟进新闻事件。他们或许也打了一两个电话，甚至摄制了一场采访。这只是电视业的把戏之一，不过，这种做法是否不诚信呢？

杰尼扎：你开心了吧？是啊，我讨厌打领带。……现在开始走路。

以这个为例，它叫做establisher。我会用一些生动鲜明的词句来描述将要采访的对象。

女主持人：造假作秀在电视界当然很普遍。范围遍及……是啊，当然。好的。作秀在所有电视节目中都是普遍存在的，范围遍及……

我刚刚协助制作了一段简短鲜明的评论。你可能知道这是个（新闻采访对象的）原声，不过我希望大家不要有任何曲解。现在，切换镜头。有我的镜头有助于我们对采访录像进行剪辑。同时，切换镜头也会让你认为我们正在听对方讲话。实际上，由于我们通常只有一台摄像机，这些镜头都是后来补摄的。这算不算谎言呢？

这里就是摄制完成的最后一步――剪辑。摄影师在拍摄街景时忘记录音了。不过没关系，我们可以加入一些声音。

杰尼扎：我想一些轰鸣的呜呜声会比较适合，麦克。你知道，呜呜呜的声音。

这是不是欺骗呢？一般来说，我们认为不是。不过，比如在一个战斗场景中添加枪声，那就不同了。

另外，附带说一句，这是一段拼凑起来的新闻视频。这段新闻稿甚至在我外出录影几小时前就写好了，但这是因为我大体上知道结论会是什么。那么，这会使过程不真实吗？

哦，不会的。因为对于大多数录像片段而言，到我开始录影时，我已经做了足够调研，知道需要说什么。所以，一位注重完美的电视制片人不会扭曲编辑要传达的含义。不过，我们都在使用一些业内技巧来使电视节目更具可看性。这些做法是否正当，要由公众来评判。

杰尼扎：哦，这些都挺乏味的，我会和你一起说话。下面，下面是什么内容？（造假是……）就是这个摘要。麦克，就用这个。太完美了。