新课改高考wh―词语应考指南

wh-词语是指what， which， who（m）， whose， when， where， why， whether， how等词语，它们不仅用作疑问词，而且用作各种从句的引导词。针对这些考法，现将应对方法归纳如下。

考法一 wh-词语出现在名词性从句中

1. she couldn’t understand was ， fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.

A. What；why B. That；what

C. What；because D. Why；that

2. caused the accident is still a complete mystery.

A. What B. That C. How D. Where

3. he will come back surprises all of us.

A. What B. That

C. The fact D. The matter

解析 这三道题都是通过wh-词语的比较，考查what等引导名词性从句的用法。句1完全根据句意选择答案，句意为：“她所不明白的是：为什么越来越少的学生对她上的课感兴趣。”句2、3中的what和that都可以引导主语从句，但what有词义，表示“……的事”“……的话”等意思。而that只是作为从句的符号，没有任何词义，但尽管如此，that在从句之首不能缺少或省略。

点拨 名词性从句是高中阶段的重要语法项目之一，也是历年高考英语试题考查的重点，尤其对于连接代词that 和what 的用法， 不少同学感到十分困惑，做题几乎是靠“蒙”来寻求答案。虽然that和what 都可以引导名词性从句，但他们在句子中的语法功能截然不同。

答案 1. A 2. A 3. B

考法二 wh-词语出现在定语从句中

1. Alice received an invitation from her boss， came as a surprise.

A. it B. that C. which D. he

解析 关系代词which代替上文的先行词an invitation引导非限制性定语从句。

答案 C。

2. I shall never forget those years I lived in the country with the farmers， has a great effect on my life.

A. that；which B. when；which

C. which；that D. when；who

解析 关系副词when引导时间名词those years的定语从句，关系代词which代替when I lived in the country with the farmers引导非限制性定语从句，when...which...实际上构成双重定语从句。

点拨 只用which的情况有：①关系代词作介词宾语，即介词+关系代词，指物只能用which。如：Last night I had a dream in which I became a Nobel Prize winner. ②非限制定语从句中，指物只能用which， 亦可指整个前面的句子。如：He reads English every day， which does good to his English study.

答案 B。

考法三 wh-词语出现在状语从句中

1. ， mother will wait for him to have dinner together.

A. However late is he B. However he is late

C. However is he late D. However late he is

解析 这道题的正确答案在语序上符合“wh-词语（+连带成分）+主语+谓语……”这一语序形式。

答案 D

2. ― I’m going to the post office.

― you are there， can you get me some stamps？

A. As B. While C. Because D. If

解析 此题通过as和while的比较，考查while的用法。as和while都可作为从属连词，表示“当……的时候”，但as着重表示“随着（时间的过去）”，而while着重表示“在……的期间”“趁……之时机”。

点拨 wh-词语构成的从句在句型结构上似疑问句但不是疑问句，一般都是呈“wh-词语（+连带成分）+主语+谓语……”这一语序形式，其中主谓部分用正常自然语序而不用倒装语序。高考中考查名词性从句或状语从句时，经常考查连接词的选用。解题时应先判断从句的类型，然后判断从句是否缺少成分以及意义是否完整，最后根据引导状语从句或名词性从句的连词的特点确定特定的连接词。

答案 B

考法四 wh-词语（whether，if）引导名词或副词从句

1. the 2024 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.

A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That

2. we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where

点拨 if和whether的区别在两个连词都表示“是否”，在动词（如know， ask， wonder， doubt等）后面引导宾语从句时，两者可以互换使用，但引导主语从句、表语从句、介词宾语从句、同位语从句时，只用whether而不用if。

一般说来，在宾语从句中，whether常可与if互换。例如：I don’t know if/whether I can help you. 但在下面情况下，只用whether：①在介词后。例如：I haven’t settled the question of whether I will be back home. ②用于带to的不定式前。例如：She doesn’t know whether to go to school. ③引出主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句和让步状语从句。例如：Whether you like it or not ， you will have to do it./Whether she will come is still a question./The question is whether it is worth doing. ④多用于whether ... or not场合。例如：I can’t say whether it is possible or not.

答案 1.C 2.B。

1. No one can be sure in a million years.

A. what man will look like

B. what will man look like

B. what will look like what

D. what look will man like

2. You can’t imagine ， when they received these nice Christmas presents.

A. how they were excited

B. how excited they were

C. how excited were they

D. they were how excited

3. ， Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.

A. However late is he B. However he is late

C. However is he late D. However late he is

4. Can you tell me the railway station？

A. how I can get to B. how can I get to

C. where I can get to D. where can I get to

5. They want to know do to help us.

A. what can they B. what they can

C. how they can D. how can they

6. Can you make sure the gold ring？

A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put

C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put

7. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see .

A. who is he B. who he is

C. who is it D. who it is

8. we can’t get seems better than we have.

A. What；what B. What；that

C. That；that D. That；what

1～4 ABDA 5～8 BCDA