语言交际(情景运用)

考点完全剖析

―、问候、介绍和告别

l.问候(Greetings)

1)用这组问候语时，可以用相同的话语进行应答：

问／答：Hi!／Hello!

Goodmorning／afternoon／evening．

2)这组问候语必须用对应的话语进行应答：

问：Howare you?／How are you doing?

答：I'm OK.／Very well，thank you．／Fine．thanks，and you?

问：Please say hello to your parents．／Please givemylove／bestwishes to Lucy．

答：Sure．／Allright．

2．介绍(Introduction)

1)介绍自己：

May I introduce my self?

My name is Jim.姓名

I'm a student．职业

I'm from England．来自

2)介绍他人：

Let me introduce...to you.

This is Mr．／Mr．／Miss／Ms Brown．

I'd like you to meet Bob.

3)被介绍人的应答：初次见面问候。

Hello!

How do you do?

Nice/Glad/Pleased to meet(see)you.

3．告别(Farewells)

1)比较正式：

Good-bye(较随意：Bye／Bye―bye．)

2)一般；

See you later／then／tomorrow／soon／See you．／Good night．

I am sorry l have to go now.

请同学们注意：Good night(晚安)一般用于晚上临睡觉前的告别语；不同于问候语good evening(晚上好)。

例1―Would you like some more oranges?

―Thanks_____See you tomorrow!

A.OKB.It's very kind of you

C.1 1ike them D.I am sorry l have to go now

答案 D ．

解析 本题的关键是最后的一句See you tomorrow(明天再见)是告别用语，所以只能选择Iam sorry I have to go now用于告别；其他三句都可以单独作为别人请吃东西时的应答用语，但用于本题和最后的告别用语不合适。

例2Tom：Susan，this is Lucy．

Susan：Hello! I’m Susan.Nice to meet you!

Lucy：_______!

A．How do you doB．How are you

C．Nice to meet you tooD．Pleased to see you

答案 C

解析 首先分析三人的对话，可以看出Susan和Lucy是初次见面，Lucy用了Nice to meet you而 Susan答应该用Nice to meet you too比较合适； How do you do/Pleased to see you都用于应答同样的问候语，Howare you用于首先问候他人，在这里要回答Nice to meet you都不合适。

二、邀请、请求、感谢、道歉和祝愿

4．邀请(Invitation)

1)发出邀请：

Would you like to go for a walk?

May l invite you to dinner?

What/How about having a swim?

You must come to dinner with us.

2)接受邀请：

OK.Thank you.

I'd like that，thanks．／Yes，I love to.

Sure．That's a good idea.

That would be very nice.

3)婉言拒绝：

Thank you,but...

It's very nice of you，but...

I love to,but I’m afraid I...

I’m sorry I can’t．What about...?

5. 请求允许（Asking for permission）

1)“是否可以”：

问：May l come in?

Can／Could I use your telephone?

答：允许用：Yes，please．／Sure．／Certainly

不允许用：I’m sorry，it's not allowed．／ afraid not.

2)“是否介意”：

问：Would/Do you mind if I open the window?

答：允许／不介意：Of course，you can．

不允许／介意：You'd better not．

6．感谢(Thanks)

1)表示感谢：

Thanks you(very much).

Thanks a lot．／Many thanks.

It's Thanks you for your help.

It's very kind/nice of you.

2)对感谢的应答：

It's a pleasure.

That's OK／a11 right．

Youe welcome.

Not at all．／Don't mention it.

7．道歉(Apologies)

1)表示道歉：

Sorry./I’m sorry/I’m sorry for

losing your book/Sorry to have kept you waiting.

I’m sorry to interrupt you.

I’m sorry(that)I’m late.

2)应答：

That's OK/It's all right.

Never mind(about that)．

It doesn't matter/It's nothing.

另外，请同学们注意：Excuse me,please．一般用于打断别人时、请他人让路时、影响别人时、需要暂时离开时；I beg your pardon．一般表示没听清对方的话或不清楚意图、不明白意思。

8．祝愿和祝贺(Expressing wishes and

congratulations)

1)表达良好愿望：

祝愿：Good luck!／Best wishes to you/Enjoy yourself!

Have a good day(time)!／Have a good jour ney(trip)!

节日：Happy New Year!用于新年；Merry Christmas!用于圣诞节；

Happy birthday!用于生日

应答：Thank you．

还可以进一步表示：You too/The same to you．(请大家注意：当节日只为一方祝愿时，如母亲节、父亲节、生日等，不可以使用此句，只需要表示感谢就可以了) 。

2)对对方的成功、出色表现等表示祝贺：

祝贺：Congratulations!/Well done!

应答：Thank you．

例3 ―May I come in?--______

A．Yes come in please ．

B．Sorry,there is no room

COfcourse not．

D．No,you mustn't

答案A

解析 分析问句是请求允许的意思，一般可以用于迟到时，或者要进入他人的房间、办公室在敲门的时候使用；Sorry,there is no room一般用于客观叙述，而不用于对别人请求的应答；Of course not用于应答是否介意．．．；No,you mustn't用于否定回答情态动词may的提问。

三、就餐、购物、就医、问路、打电话和谈天气

9．就餐(Having meals)

1)侍者／服务员／主人方问话―就餐者／顾客／客人表示肯定的应答：

问：Would you like something to eat/drink?

答：Yes,I'd like a drink．

What would you like(to have)?I'd like rice

and chicken./I like green tea.

Would you like some more fish?

Just a little,please.

Help yourself to some fish.

It's so delicious,Thank you.

2)表示已经吃饱了，谢绝的应答：

No,thank you,I've had enough/I'm full， thank you.

请同学们注意：中西方文化的差异，如果先回答 thank you可能使问话方误解为：不需要提供服务、已经吃饱了；一般可以直接回答所需要的服务、饭菜种类名称等；当然可以在后面加上一句thank you；此外Can I have some more soup?用于希望再多要一些。

10．购物(Shopping)

1)售货员／营业员问话--顾客应答

招徕顾客

Can,May l help you?／What can I do for you?

--I want/I'd like a pair of shoes．

征求顾客意见

What color／size／kind would you like?

What about this one?

How many,much would you like?/Two and a half kilos／pounds/please.

找零钱 Here's your change．

2)顾客：

Do you have any other colors／sizes／kinds?

May I try it on?

How much is it ／are they?

表示要购买

That's fine．I'll take it．

表示不购买

Sorry,it's too expensive/It's too big／small．

Well,I'll think about it/Just have a look.

11．就医(Seeing the doctor)

1)医生：

询问病情

What's the matter?/What seems to be the trouble?

Do you have a fever?/How long have you felt like this?

用药Take this medicine three times a day．

安慰患者

You'll be all right(well) soon./It's nothing

serious.

2)患者应答：

I have a headache/cough/fever.头疼／咳嗽／发烧

I feel terrible/bad/horrible/awful/I don't feel well.

I've got a pain here/It hurts here/I can't sleep well.

12，问路(Asking the way)

1)发问：

Excuse me,Where's the washroom?

Excuse me.Which bus goes to World Park?

Excuse me,Which is the way to the Bank of China?

Excuse me,Could you tell me the way to the station，please?

Can you tell me how to get to the Post office?

How can l get to No.4 Middle School?

2)应答：

告知

It's over there．／It's about 400 meters from here．

Go down this street until you see the tall red building．

Turn right/left at the first/second crossing/ corner.

You can take bus No103．

／You'd better take a taxi．

确信 You can't miss it.

无法告知Sorry.I don't know．I'm a stranger here．

13．打电话(Making telephone calls)

1)打入者：

自我介绍：Hello! This is．．．(speaking)．

找通话人：Hello!May I speak to Tom?／Hello!I'd like to speak to Mr．Green．

Is that Liu Ying speaking?

要分机号码Extension six two two six,please．

稍后再打来

I'll call back later／again。／I'll ring him／her up again．

2)接听方：

询问对方是谁Hello,who is this?／Hello, who's speaking?Is that you,Mike?

自报姓名Hello!This is Mary speaking．

所找人不在Sorry,he／she isn't here right now．

稍等Hold the line,please．／Just a moment, please．

线路不好

Sorry,I can't hear you．／The line is bad(busy)．／I couldn't get through．

打错了Sorry,I'm afraid you have the wrong number．

3)叫某人接电话：

Tom,you're wanted on the phone．／There is a call for you．／It's for you．

14．谈论天气(Talking about weather)

1)询问： What's the weather like today?／How's the weather in Beijing?

2)应答：

It’s a nice／fine／beautiful／horrible day today．

It’s sunny／cloudy／windy／rainy／snowy／ foggy．

It's getting cool／cold／warm／hot．

请同学们注意：英语国家尤其是英国，人们经常从谈论天气开始进行语言交际；尽管也是有问有答，而并非是真正地想要询问天气情况；又如：What a cold／hot day today!并非是简单地感叹天气冷暖，而是表示希望开始一段对话。

例4 ―Welcome!____?

―I'd like some meat．

A How are you B How old are you

C What can l do for you D Nice to meet you

答案： C

解析 从欢迎和要买一些……可判断出是服务员和顾客对话，所以可以首先排除熟人间的问候用语A和D；How old are you用于问年龄的大小，一般英语国家的习惯不问对方年龄，除非是学生之间互相使用一下；所以选择服务员的标准用语What can l do for you?How are you?和Nice to meet you．用于相互认识的人们之间的问候。

四、表达意愿、遗憾和同情

14．意愿(Intensions)

1)表达意愿：

I will help you with your business.

Iot willing to let Jim know that．

2)询问他人意愿：

Will you go to the park with us?

Are you willing to go swimming with us?

Do you mind having a talk with me?

Would you like to...?

3)应答：

Of course,I will／am.No,not at all。

15．遗憾和同情(Regrets and sympathy)

What a pity(you can't...)!

I'm sorry to hear that(your mother is ill)．

例5―Mr,Wang is at hospital.last week hehurt the arm.shall we go to the hospital?

―We should go there and do something for him．

A.What a pity!B.No,not at all.

C How is the weather?D.It's a nice day.

答案A

解析 听到别人胳膊受伤住院，应该表示同情，用What a pity!而How is the weather?和It's a niceday．是用来谈论天气的；No,not at all可以用来应答别人的感谢或歉意。

中考基础题

1．请根据对话内容，选择正确的单词填人横线上。

telephone,excuse,welcome,idea,date

(1)A: What'sthe____today?

B:It's Ju1y 10th.

(2)A:Shall we go to the park?

B:That's a good____

(3)A:What's your____number?

B:It's 5669688.

(4)A:_____ me.Are you Mr，Green?

B: No,I'm not.

(5)A:Thank you for your help.

B:You are____.

答案 (1)date(2)idea(3)telephone (4)excuse(5)welcome

解析这是比较简单和基本的情景会话，根据回答者的具体内容来填出问话者的提问内容。涉及到邀请、打电话、表示感谢等方面内容。

2．情景交际：从右栏中找出左栏各句恰当的答语。

(1)We've won the football match．

A．The same to you．

(2)Will you come to my house for dinner on Sunday?

B．Go down this street,then turn left．

(3)Happy birthday,Lucy!

C．He's very well,thank you．

(4)How's your father,Linda?

D，I'd love to．

(5)Excuse me,can you tell me the way to the library?

E．Congratulations!

F．Thank you．

答案(1)E(2)D(3)F(4)C(5)B

解析对各种情景会话的应答。涉及问候、祝愿祝贺、邀请、问路等方面，请大家根据常用的日常用语来分别选择对应的应答语。

3．完成对话：从所给的七个选项中选择五个最佳选项完成对话。

D: DoctorW：Woman

D:What's the matter,young 1ady?

W：_(1)_I can't do any work,doctor．

D：Do you have a cough?

W：No,I don't have a cough．

D：__(2)__

W：Yes,I s1eep very well．

D：Do you have breakfast every morning?

W：No,I don't have breakfast,And I have only Ly a little food for 1unch and supper because I wantto keep thin．

D：Oh，I see．__(3)__You need to eat more

food and have three mcals a day.__(4)__

W：OK.Il do like that．

D：__(5)__

W：Thanks

A．I feel very well．

B．I hope you'11 get better soon．

C．Do you sleep well at night?

D．I'm not feeling well．

E．And do some exercise every day．

F．You need to eat 1ess food．

G．There's nothing serious．

答案 (1)D(2)C(3)G(4)E(5)B

解析本题考查英语交际中就医时的用语。很明显，这是医生和患者之间的对话。而选择正确的内容要结合上下文考虑；如第2空选了Do you sleep well at night?就是从这句话的应答yes，I sleep very well推断出来的。

4．从对话后的5个选项中选择适当的4个选项补全对话。

P――PolicemanV――Visitor

P：Can I help you?Are you looking for some―thing?

V：No,I haven't 1ost anything．__（1）__

P：Where are you going?

V：I'm going to Zhongshan Park．__(2)__

P：I'm afraid not,This way takes you to the railway station,Let me show you the way．

V：__(3)__

P：Oh,no.I'm not busy．__(4)__

V：No．It's the first time．

P：Now go down this road for about twenty minutes and you'll get there．

V：Thank you．

P：You're welcome．

A．Have you ever visited this city?

B．How can I get to Zhongshan Park?

C I'm not sure of the way．

D．I hope I'm not making you late．

E．Am I going the right way．

答案(1)C(2)E(3)D(4)A

解析考查英语交际中问路时的用语。对话发生在游客和警察之间?需要掌握和使用相应的问路用语：how can I get to．．．?