从中考英语谈交际用语中的省略

在近几年的中考英语试题中,日常交际用语所占的比例越来越大｡这类试题大多考查各种交际情景下的习惯表达法或省略结构｡为了帮助同学们备战2007年的中考,本文拟结合近几年的中考英语试题,对英语情景交际中的省略问题作一归纳,希望对考生有所帮助｡(中考题例中下加横线的备选项为正确答案｡)

一､ 语境省略

在日常会话､打电话､请求､祝愿､感叹等不同交际情境中,交际者往往只突出要表达的主要意思的词语,省略次要的或与前面重复的词语｡例如:

1. ―Where are you going? 你打算去哪儿?

―(I’m going) To attend a lecture. 我打算参加一个讲演｡

2. ―Hello, is that Wang Ping? 喂,是王萍吗?

―(This is) Wang Ping speaking. 我是王萍｡

3. (Pass me) The pen please. 请把钢笔给我｡

[中考题例]

1. ―What a nice day! Let’s go for a picnic on the beach together.

― ______.

A. Goodbye B. Good idea

C. Good job D. Good day(2006年杭州市)

2. ―What’s your favorite subject, Mike?

―______ . It’s interesting.

A. Toys B. Math C. T-shirts D. E-mail

(2006年北京市)

3. ―How long has Eliza been a nurse?

―______ .

A. Since 2002 B. Four years ago C. In 2002(2006年长沙市)

4. ―Hello! Is that Smith?

―Smith______.

A. speaking B. saying C. talking(2004年武汉市)

5. ―I did quite well in the school sports meeting.

―______ .

A. Congratulations! B. Don’t worry.

C. That’s all right.(2005年重庆市)

6. ―I am going to have a trip to Hezhou after the exam.

―Really?______!

A. Have a nice time B. Congratulations

C. It’s nice of you D. OK(2005年贺州市)

7. ―Our school basketball team lost the game last week.

―______ .

A. Good luck. B. Well done!

C. I’m glad to hear that. D. What a pity!(2006年合肥市)

二､ 替代省略

替代省略是用特定的词语替代要重复的词语的一种省略形式,通常有以下几种替代方式｡

1) 用 do, be以及情态动词或助动词替代要重复的动词及其后面的宾语､表语､状语或其它成分｡例如:

―Do you like Chinese food?你喜欢中国的食物吗?

―Yes, I do (=I like Chinese food).是的,我喜欢｡

[中考题例]

1. ―Don’t you think Hong Zhanhui is the boy who moves China?

―______ . We must 1earn from him.

A. Yes,I do B. No,I don’t

C. Yes, I hope so D. No,I’m not sure(2006年泰州市)

2. ―He is often late for school, isn’t he?

―______ . He always goes to school earlier than others.

A. Yes, he is B. No, he isn’t

C. Yes, of course D. No, sometimes(2006年南通市)

3. ―Have you heard from your sister yet?

―______ . No news is good news.

A. Yes, I have B. I don’t mind

C. No problem D. No, I haven’t(2005年黑龙江省课改)

2) 用替代词so与think, hope, call, believe, expect, suppose, do 等动词或 be afraid搭配,替代其后一个表示肯定意义的宾语或宾语从句｡

[中考题例]

1. ―Emma has been ill for a week. Is she all right now?

―______ . The teacher says she can come to school tomorrow.

A. I think so B. That’s it

C. I’m afraid not D. That’s true(2006年宜昌市)

2. ―Is Mrs Black really badly ill?

―______ . She’s in hospital.

A. I don’t think so B. No, he isn’t

C. I don’t hope so D. I’m afraid so(2004年重庆市)

3. ―Do you think the rain will stop tomorrow?

―______ . It has rained for half a month. It’s too wet.

A. I hope that B. I’m sure it will

C. I’m afraid it will D. I hope so(2004年山西省)

3) 将 not 放在某些动词或 be afraid, perhaps, probably等词语之后,替代其后面的一个表示否定意义的从句｡例如:

―Is there going to be a sports meeting next week? 下周开运动会吗?

―I suppose not (=there isn’t a sports meeting next week). 我想不会开运动会｡

―Is he coming today? 他今天要来吗?

―Perhaps not(=Perhaps he isn’t coming today). 或许不会来｡

4) 用 to 替代要重复的动词不定式(短语)｡例如:

You may ask me some questions if you want to. 如果你想问问题就可以问｡

I’ll go to his birthday party if he invites me to. 如果他邀请我,我会去参加他的生日聚会的｡

[中考题例]

―Would you like to go out for a walk with us?

―______ , but I must write a letter to my pen friend now.

A. Of course not B. That’s all right

C. I’d love to D. Yes, I do(2006年宁波市)

三､ 惯用省略

用特定的惯用句式表示重复前面句子的内容,在中考英语试题中通常以下面三种形式命题｡

1) 若两个句子的主语相同,前面的句子是肯定句,而后面的句子重复前面句子的内容时,用“so + 主语 + be动词/助动词/情态动词”的形式｡

2) 若两个句子的主语不相同,前面的句子是肯定句,而后面的句子重复前面句子的内容时,用“so + be动词/助动词/情态动词 + 主语”的形式｡

3) 若两个句子的主语不相同,前面的句子是否定句,当后面的句子重复前面句子的内容时,用“neither/nor + be动词/助动词/情态动词 + 主语”的形式｡例如:

1. ―It was cold yesterday. 昨天很冷｡

―So it was. 昨天的确很冷｡

2. ―He has finished his homework. 他做完了他的家庭作业｡

―So have I. 我也做完了我的家庭作业｡

3. Henry didn’t go to church， nor did his sister. 亨利没有去做礼拜,他的妹妹也没有去｡

[中考题例]

1. ―You have made great progress in English.

―______ . That’s why I got an A in the English exam.

A. So I have B. So have I

C. So I do D. So do I(2006年河南省)

2. ―I usually go to school on foot. And you?

―______ .

A. So do I B. So I have

C. Nor do I D. Neither have I(2006年合肥市)

3. ―Peter doesn’t know much French.

―______ .

A. So do I B. So am I

C. Neither do I D. Neither am I(2005年山东省)

仿真训练:

1. ―How is everything?

―______ .

A. Very well, thank you B. Not too bad

C. I’m all right, thanks D. Not at all

2. ―Is Professor Tate very sick?

―I’m afraid______.

A. so B. this C. to D. that

3. ―Peter fell off a tall tree. I think his leg is broken.

―Oh! I______.

A. do not hope to B. do not hope

C. hope not so D. hope not

4. ―Shall I wake you up tomorrow?

―Yes,______.

A. please do B. you shall

C. you will D. you may

5.______, I’ll tell you what to do.

A. If necessary B. It is necessary

C. Necessary D. If it necessary

6. John: Do you happen to have twenty dollars with you?

Jack:______?

John: I want to buy a notebook.

A. How do you want to buy B. How much

C. What for D. When can you pay me back

7. ―Do you mind my taking this seat?

―______ .

A. Yes, sit down, please B. No, of course not

C. Yes, take it, please D. No, you can’t take it

8. ―Do you follow me?

―Yes,______.

A. it is good B. I will C. perfectly D. very good

9. ―Don’t forget to take your dictionary to school when you go to school.

―______ .

A. I’ll take it B. I don’t take it C. I won’t D. I shall

10. ―Will you stay for lunch?

―Sorry,______. My brother is coming to see me.

A. I mustn’t B. I can’t C. I needn’t D. I won’t

11. ―Hello, is Zhang Hua in?

―______ .

A. I speak B. I am C. I’m in D. Speaking

12. ―Good morning, Grand Hotel.______

―Hello, I’d like to book a room for the nights of the 18th and 19th.

A. What can I do for you? B. Just a minute, please.

C. What?

13. ―Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?

―I______, but I had an unexpected visitor.

A. had B. would C. was going to D. did

14. ―John won the championship in the tennis match.

―______ .

A. So he did B. So did he C. So he did, too D. So he does

15. ―Someone took my letter away.

―Well, I didn’t and______ Alice.

A. neither did B. nor did

C. neither was D. nor was

Key: 1-5 BADAA6-10 CBCCB11-15 DACAA