延续性动词与非延续性动词

动词按其动作发生的方式､发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词｡

延续性动词表示的动作能够延续,如 learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay 等｡因为延续性动词表示的动作可以延续,所以可以与表示一段时间的状语连用｡非延续性动词也称为终止性动词､瞬间动词,表示这种动作发生后在较短时间内就结束,不能延续,如 open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy 等｡非延续性动词在肯定句中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,而在否定句中则可以,因为终止性动词的否定形式表示的动作是可以延续的｡

[典型考例]

I ______ the CD player for three months. It’s very helpful.

A. kept B. have kept

C. lent D. have borrowed(2006年韶关市)

[答案与简析]题干中的 for three months 表示的是一段时间,此类段时间状语常与动词的完成时态连用,故首先可以排除A､C两项｡而选项D虽是完成时态,但 borrow 是终止性动词,在肯定句中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,也可予以排除｡因此,正确答案为B｡

―It’s 10 o’clock now. I must go.

―It’s raining outside. Don’t leave______it stops.

A. when B. since

C. while D. until(2006年孝感市)

[答案与简析] 题干中的 leave “离开”虽然是终止性动词,但其否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用｡四个备选项中的 when, since, while 引导的时间状语通常表示时间点,而 until 引导的时间状语通常表示一段时间,且与 not 连用,构成“not... until”结构,与题意相符,故正确答案为D｡

像 leave, begin, borrow, lend, get up 等终止性动词或短语,如果要用在含有表示一段时间的句子中,可以用表示同样意思的延续性动词或短语来替换,如: leavebe away(from), borrowkeep, diebe dead, buyhave, begin/startbe on, finishbe over, fall asleepbe asleep,get upbe up,come herebe here, go therebe there,becomebe,come backbe back,get to/ arrive/reachbe(in),returnbe back,joinbe in... /be a member of... 等｡

[典型考例]

―How long______the film KING KONG______ ?

―For just several minutes.

A. did, begin B. has, begun

C. has, been on(2006年哈尔滨市)

―How long has he______the dictionary?

―For two years.

A. borrowed B. lent

C. had D. bought(2006年宜昌市)

[答案与简析]两题题干中的问句都用 how long 对一段时间状语提问,暗示谓语动词须用延续性动词,而两题中的备选项除了选项C是延续性动词外,其他选项均为终止性动词,因此,两题的正确答案均为C｡

[巩固练习]

1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus______for 10 minutes.

A. has left B. had left

C. has been away D. had been away

2. Danny and Jenny______the League for 5 years so far.

A. joined B. have joined

C. have been in

3. The computer company______since the February of 2000.

A. has been open B. has opened

C. was open D. opened

4. Mary and Rose______friends since they met in 1980.

A. have made B. have been

C. made D. have become

5. The meeting______for a week now.

A. has finished B. has ended

C. has been over D. has begun

6. Jackson______the new car for a few weeks.

A. bought B. has bought

C. has had D. has borrowed

7. ―How long______you______ill?

―Two weeks.

A. did; fall B. have; fell

C. have; been D. have; fallen

8. Are you______the jacket these days, Alice?

A. wearing B. putting on

C. dressing D. on

9. Maria______foe 10 minutes.She is taking exercise over there.

A. got up B.has got up

C. has been up D. gets up

10. Tom is ill in hospital. He______a cold for several days.

A. is B. catches

C. has caught D. has had

11. ―How long can I______the book?

―Two weeks.

A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep

Key: 1-5 DCABC6-11-14 CCACDD