高考英语常考复合介词归纳

编者按 许多同学经常认为介词不是高考英语的重要考点,所以往往对此不予重视。但事实并非同学们所想象的那样。比如2009年全国18套高考英语试题中,直接考查介词的试题为11道,仅次于非谓语动词(29道题)、时态(25道题)和定语从句(17道题)。而由“动词+介词”构成的短语动词也一直是高考英语的重要考点;除此之外,介词是搭配能力很强的一个词类,英语中有很多非常有用的名词与介词的搭配、形容词与介词的搭配、动词与介词的搭配等等。还有,对于考查短文改错的省份来说,介词也是一个不可忽视的考点。最后值得一提的是,高考英语的书面表达,对于任何考生来说都是一个非常重要的题型,而根据评卷的经验可知,许多考生在写书面表达时,或误用介词,或多用介词,或漏用介词,轻则导致语法错误,重则导致语义不通,甚至语义与要表达的意思相反。本期为同学们组织的这几篇关于介词的文章都很有特点,实用性很强,希望对同学们的复习有所帮助。

请看下面一道高考真题:

You’d sound a lot more polite if you make a request _____ a question. (2009年湖北卷)

A. in search of B. in the form of

C. in need of D. in the direction of

答案为B。考查复合介词的用法,句意为:如果你用提问题的方式提出一项请求,那就会显得客气些。

中学英语常用的复合介词不多,但在各省的高考题中却经常有所涉及,希望同学们引起注意。本文为大家总结两类最重要的复合介词,供复习时参考。

一、“in+名词+of”类

1. in advance of 在……前面,超过

He is far in advance of his class. 他在班上遥遥领先。

Galileo’s ideas were well in advance of the age in which he lived. 伽利略的思想远远超越了他所生活的时代。

2. in case of 一旦,如果;以防

In case of fire,walk quickly to the nearest door. 如果失火,就赶快朝最近的门跑。

The wall was built along the river in case of floods. 沿河筑了防护墙以防洪水。

3. in charge of 指挥,管理,负责,照料

He was fined for being drunk in charge of a car. 他因酒醉驾车被罚款。

He was left in charge of the shop while the manager was away. 经理不在时,他负责这个商店。

4. in course of 在……过程中,在……时,在进行中

The house is in course of construction. 该房子正在施工中。

In course of sinking the well-shaft they came upon a deposit of a very rare mineral. 他们在凿井的过程中,发现了一处稀有矿床。

5. in danger of 有……的危险

The tiger is in danger of becoming extinct. 虎有灭绝的危险。

These goods are in danger of robbery. 这些货物有被盗的危险。

6. in defence of 保卫,保护,为……辩护

They took up arms in defence of their country. 他们拿起武器保卫祖国。

More and more women today have learned to arise in defence of their legal rights. 现在越来越多的妇女学会了保护她们的合法权利。

7. in favour of 赞成……;以……为受款人

On the whole,I am in favour of the proposal. 总的来说,我赞成这个提议。

Cheques should be written in favour of Oxfam. 支票上请写明以牛津饥荒救济委员会为受款人。

8. in front of 在……前面;当……的面,有……在场

A van was parked right in front of my car. 一辆货车正好停在我的汽车前面。

You shouldn’t use such bad language in front of the children. 当着孩子们的面,你不应该说这种粗话。

9. in memory of 纪念……

He founded the charity in memory of his late wife. 他兴办那项慈善事业以纪念他已故的妻子。

She set up the charitable trust in memory of her father. 她设立了慈善信托基金以纪念她的父亲。

10. in need of 需要……

The doctor says I am in need of a holiday. 医生说我需要休假。

He was tired and hungry,and badly in need of a bath. 他又累又饿,并且急需洗个澡。

11. in place of 代替

Who is here in place of the manager? 谁在这里经理?

In place of our advertised programme we will be showing a film. 我们将放映一部电影来代替广告节目。

12. in possession of 占有,持有,拥有

Anyone found in possession of this poison will be punished. 凡是被发现拥有此种毒药者均将受到惩罚。

Their opponents were in possession of the ball for most of the match. 他们的对手在比赛的大部分时间里控制着球。

13. in search of 寻找,寻求

She went into the kitchen in search of a drink. 她进了厨房,想找点喝的。

Many people had left their homes to go in search of food. 许多人离开家园去寻觅食物。

14. in spite of 尽管

In spite of starting late,he arrived in time. 他虽然动身很晚,却及时到了。

In spite of having no qualifications,he got the job. 尽管他没有资格证明,他还是得到了这份工作。

15. in terms of 用……的字眼,从……的观点,就……而言

Let each child read in terms of his own tastes and choices. 让每个孩子阅读根据自己的兴趣爱好选择的书籍。

The job is great in terms of salary,but it has its disadvantages. 就薪水而言,这个工作倒是挺不错的,但也有一些不利之处。

16. in addition to 除……外

Dr. Jones emphasizes exercise in addition to a change in diet. 琼斯医生强调不仅要改变饮食,还要锻炼身体。

In addition to giving a general introduction to computers,the course also provides practical experience. 课程除了大致介绍电脑知识外,还提供实际操作的机会。

17. in exchange for 用……作为交换

Tom gave Helen an apple in exchange for a piece of cake. 汤姆用一个苹果与海伦换一块蛋糕。

The unions bargained away their rights in exchange for a small pay rise. 工会牺牲了他们的权利以换取增加少量的工资。

二、“in the +名词+of”类

1. in the absence of 缺乏,不在,无……时

In the absence of anybody more experienced,I took command. 由于找不到其他更有经验的人,只好由我来指挥。

I was obliged to accept it as true in the absence of other evidence. 我在缺乏其它证据的情况下只好把它看成真的。

2. in the act of 正在做……时

In the act of picking up the ball,he slipped and fell. 他在捡球时滑了一跤。

I caught him in the act of reading my private letters. 他正在读我的私人信件时,被我当场抓住了。

3. in the case of 就……来说,至于……

Poverty depresses most people;in the case of my father it was otherwise. 贫困使多数人消沉,但我父亲却并不这样。

Climate is especially important in the case of articles that are readily affected by moisture. 对容易受潮的商品来说,气候因素特别重要。

4. in the direction of 朝……方向

A woman was seen running in the direction of the station. 有人看见一名女子朝着车站的方向跑去。

Those with book learning must develop in the direction of practice. 有书本知识的人应该向实践方面发展。

5. in the event of 如果发生……,万一

In the event of rain,the party will be held indoors. 如果下雨,聚会在室内进行。

In the event of fire,leave the building as quickly as possible. 万一遇上了火灾,应尽快离开大厦。

6. in the eyes of 在……看来

In the eyes of the public,the price is too high. 在公众看来,物价太高了。

In her father’s eyes she can do no wrong. 在她父亲的眼里,她是不会做错事的。

7. in the face of 在……面前,不顾

He was brave in the face of danger. 面对危险他表现得很勇敢。

In the face of great hardship,she managed to keep her sense of humor. 面对极大的困苦,她仍设法保持幽默感。

8. in the form of 以……的形式

The novel is cast in the form of a diary. 这部小说是以日记的形式写的。

Our soundings are displayed in the form of a graph. 我们的调查结果已用图表列出。

9. in the habit of 有……的习惯

I am in the habit of brushing my teeth twice daily. 我习惯每天刷两次牙。

I’m not in the habit of lending money,but I’ll make an exception in this case. 我通常没有借钱给人的习惯,但这一回我会破例。

10. in the hope of 希望……,期待……

She lived in the hope of seeing one of her sons succeed. 她生活的寄托就是期望儿子当中有人能出人头地。

I called in the hope of finding her at home. 我希望她能在家才给她打的电话。

11. in the name of 以……的名义,代表……,看在……上

In the name of the King,I arrest you. 我以国王的名义逮捕你。

In the name of love,stop it. 看在爱的分上,别再这样做了。

12. in the neighbourhood of 在……附近,大约

She lives in the neighbourhood of a shopping centre. 她住在一个商业区的附近。

She was paid in the neighbourhood of 3000 dollars for the damage. 她得到约3000美元的赔偿金。