智能化工况模拟与检测系统研究与开发

摘 要：智能化工况模拟与检测系统研究开发，研究了智能化土壤-植物-机械工况模拟与检测技术，智能化种子精量播种模拟与检测技术、机械化乳品采集检测模拟与检测技术、农产品组分与缺陷在线检测技术，开发了智能化土壤植物机械工况模拟实验系统、喷药机械田间作业工况模拟装置、配方施肥变量控制模拟装置、智能化精量播种模拟系统、机械化乳品采集检测模拟系统、农产品组分和缺陷声光检测模拟系统等。突破了高性能先进装备共性和关键技术，为新技术发展提供平台，缩短新技术、新产品、新装备的研究开发成果转化为生产力的周期，为国内研发、中试、生产等关键环节提供专业化试验基地。全天候智能化土壤-植物-机械工况模拟实验系统，采用坑式直线型土槽及轨道进行农机具或部分整机的性能试验，实现了被测机具或整机的耕深、动力输出轴转速和牵引速度的自动控制，并能够对土壤坚实度、土壤含水率、动力输出轴转速和扭矩、牵引速度等10余项数据进行实时采集和处理。采用集成化设计，集土壤恢复系统、机具悬挂系统、测试系统及控制系统于一体，开发了六分力门架测力系统，创造性地采用了“智能化工况模拟试验”这一全新的试验模式，进行该试验台控制系统的软硬件设计，提高了试验效率，减轻了试验人员的劳动强度，缩短了试验及研究周期。全天候智能化精量播种模拟系统主要用于条播排种器和精密（单粒）排种器的排种性能试验，检测出排种器的各项性能指标，可在胶带速度为1.8～12 km/h情况下进行试验。模拟系统能自动控制排种器转轴的工作速度、胶带的运行速度及风机压力；计算机视觉系统实时监测排种器的工作过程，并利用图像检测技术自动精确测得排种器所排种子粒距、粒数等参数，从而计算处理国标试验要求的合格指数、重播指数和漏播指数等排种性能指标，以及播种精度指标（平均值、标准差、变异系数），并报表打印及输出频率直方图，可存储原始播种录像。机械化乳品采集检测模拟系统在国内首次研制成功挤奶系统脉动性能、挤奶量自动计量装置性能、真空设备性能在线检测与遥测、自动脱杯系统提升力测试等4种乳品采集性能模拟试验与检测技术装置与设备。农产品组分和缺陷声光检测模拟系统建立了适合西瓜内部品质无损检测的光源装置和光谱采集系统、西瓜声学特性检测试验台、基于声波信号衰减率的西瓜糖度检测方法。

关键词：智能化 工况模拟 检测系统

Abstract：The research of simulation and testing system of the intelligent working condition， studied the simulation and testing technology of intelligent soil-plant-machinery working condition， intelligent precision seeding and mechanical milk collection and testing， and agricultural products components and defects detection technology. Developed intelligent soil-plant-machinery performance simulation system， spraying machinery field operation simulation device， formula fertilization and variable control simulation device， intelligent precision seeding simulation system， mechanical milk collection and testing simulation system， and agricultural products components and defects acousto-optic testing simulation system， etc. All-weather intelligent soil-plant-machinery working condition simulation experiment system， used pit type linear soil bin and orbit to test agricultural machinery， implemented automatic control of tillage depth， output shaft speed and haulage speed， could real-time collect and deal more than 10 data， such as soil firmness， soil moisture content， output shaft speed， etc. used integrated design， integrating soil recovery system， suspension system and testing and control system， developed six component frame force measurement system. All-weather intelligent precision seeding simulation system is mainly used for performance test of drill meter and precision meter； belt can run at 1.8～12 km/h. The system can automatically control meter working speed， belt running speed and fan pressure； Computer vision system can real-time monitor working process， and automatically accurately measure seed number and spacing. Finally， computer prints frequency histogram， and stores the original videos. Mechanical milk collection and testing simulation system developed 4 kinds of milk collection simulation and testing device for the first time in domestic， which including on-line and remote detection of system pulse performance， milking automatic metering device performance and vacuum equipment performance， and testing of automatic lifting force to take off the cup system. Agricultural products components and defects acousto-optic testing simulation system established light device and spectral acquisition system for watermelon internal quality nondestructive testing， watermelon acoustic characteristics testing system， and watermelon sugar detection method based on acoustic signal attenuation.

Key Words：Intelligentize；Working condition simulation；Detecting system

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