时间:2022-08-22 06:09:38
在平时的测试中我们发现,许多学生对有些知识点一直处于模糊状态。现笔者根据一线教学经验特作以下总结,以期对广大学子能有所帮助。
1.who,whom,whoever,whomever的区别
who引导名词性从句,作从句的主语或宾语,作宾语时可以和whom转换。如:
Can you tell me who passed the exam?who引导宾语从句,作从句的主语;
I wonder who you helped just now. who引导宾语从句,作从句的宾语,此处的who可以换成whom.
whoever引导名词性从句,在语法的角度上可以分成两部分:anyone who或者those who。一部分做主句的一个成分,另一部分做从句的一个成分。当从句缺少主语时,此时的whoever引导的从句中的谓语动词可以是单数也可以是复数;当从句缺少宾语成分时可以和whomever转换,相当于anyone whom。如:
(1)Whoever passed the exam deserve(s) a praise. Whoever引导主语从句,可以改成anyone who,此时从句的动词应为deserves,也可以改为those who,此时从句的动词应为deserve。
(2)Teachers will award _______ pass(es) the exam.(答案为whoever,解析同上)
(3)You can give the flower to _______ you like at first sight.答案为whoever / whomever,引导一个宾语从句,可以改为anyone who / whom,作从句中like的宾语。
2.几种句式的转换
请用以下四种句式翻译下面的句子。
然而能够肯定的是木乃伊的诅咒直到今天仍然是个谜。
(1)What_______________________.
(2)That_______________________.
(3)It_______________________.
(4)As_______________________.
第一个句式是what引导的主语从句,其中what作从句的主语,故:
What is certain, though, is that the curse of the mummy remains a riddle to this day.
第二个句式是that引导的主语从句,其中that在句中既没有意义,也没有作用,只是连接两个句子,但是不能省略,故:
That the curse of the mummy remains a riddle to this day is certain, though.
第三个句式是第二种句式的转换,使用形式主语it,此时的句子结构更加合理,故:
It is certain, though, is that the curse of the mummy remains a riddle to this day.
第四个句式是as引导的定语从句,其中as译为“正如”,指代后面整个句子,也可以换成which代替整个句子放在句尾,故:
As is certain, though, the curse of the mummy remains a riddle to this day.或:
The curse of the mummy remains a riddle to this day, which is certain,though.
3.在一个主从复合句中,如果主句和从句的主语一致,通常会使用省略形式,具体结构如下
(1)定语从句的省略:介词+which/whom+to do
如:I want to borrow some paper which I can draw a picture with.可以省略为:
I want to borrow some paper with which to draw a picture.
(2)宾语从句的省略:连接词+to do
I don’t know whether I shall go.可改为:
I don’t know whether to go.
以下习题供同学们练习:
1.In order to encourage the workers to work hard, the manager decides to award ________ produces the most in the factory.
A.who B.whom C.whomever D.whoever
2.________ Tom was worried about seemed clearly to the whole family.
A.That B.Which C.What D.How
3.________ we can find from the following, the number of students dropping out is going down.
A.That B.It C.As D.What
4.________ the sports meet of our school is held is still not decided.
A.What B.Where C.If D.That
附答案:
1.D 2.C 3.C 4.B
(作者单位 江苏省泰州市民兴实验中学)