做单项填空题的五种技巧

纵观近几年的高考英语试题，不难看出，原考查学生基础知识的单项选择题，已渐渐趋向于考查学生掌握以语篇为基础的语法和词汇的技能上，这就要求学生要借助语法和词汇知识，利用试题定的语境加以灵活运用。通过对近几年高考单选题的分析，笔者认为，解单选题大致可以从以下几个方面入手：

一、捕捉有效信息，排除干扰选项

The reporter said that the UFO ________ east to west when she saw it.

A. was traveling______ B. traveled

C. had been traveled______ D. was to travel

分析：该题考查过去进行时的用法。该句中的 when she saw it是有效信息，暗示了谓语动词的动作正在进行，故答案为A。

二、分析句子结构，巧解选择题

Is this museum ________ you visited last week?

A. which______ B. that______ C. where______ D. the one

分析：一般情况下，像这种一般疑问句的句子我们都先把它变为陈述句，然后再分析句子结构。这个疑问句我们可以把它变成：

This museum is ________ you visited last week.

这时，我们不难发现，此句缺少表语，因此答案为D。

The young student did all he could ________ the examinations.

A. pass______ B. to pass______ C. passing______ D. passed

分析：一般说来，情态动词(could)之后应接动词原形pass, 但此处did all he could=did all that he could(that作为定语从句he could中的关系代词用在不定代词之后可以省略)，这句话的主语是the young student，谓语是did,宾语是all，所以选B(作目的状语)。

三、抓住句子主干，排除修饰语干扰

The singer they were looking forward to ________ soon.

A. come__ __B. coming______ C. will come______ D. was coming

分析：不少学生根据词组look forward to doing sth 选择了B。其实，该句主干为the singer was coming soon, 而they were looking forward to 仅仅是定语从句，修饰singer，因此该题选D。

四、调整句子语序，还句子本来面目

Under the big tree ________ some children, who were playing games.

A.is______ B. are______ C. was______ D. were

分析：此句是倒装结构，句子的主语是some children而不是tree，再根据其后定语从句的时态，选D最佳。

Do you know the difficulty they have ________ with the problem?

A .dealt______ B. deal______ C. to deal______ D. dealing

分析：此题所含短语have difficulty (in) doing something 为定语从句，difficulty作have的宾语，故选D。

五、挖掘暗含语境，弄清命题目的

Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has ________IQ.

A. a high______ B. a higher______ C. the higher______ D. the highest

分析：此题有一种暗含的比较，它拿anyone与Boris作比较，Boris 有一个智商更高的大脑，因此选B。

其实，近几年高考中这种类似的题目越来越受到命题老师的青睐。比如：

That doesn’t sound frightening, I’ve seen________.

A. good______ B. better______ C. bad______ D. worse

分析：大部分同学都知道这个题目有一种暗含的比较，就是不知道该选B还是选D。此题的关键词是frightening(恐怖)，恐怖往往与暴力及等相连的，它是一件不好的事情，所以正确答案为D。再如：

Bob ran the 100 meters in 9.91 seconds, and I have not seen ________this year.

A. the best______ B. better______ C. the most______ D. more

依上所述，此题答案不难得出，应选B。

另外，我们在平时的练习中，要特别注意对自己做错的试题进行分析和总结，这样对提高解题能力大有裨益。