时间：2022-10-17 11:03:35
在英文的标点符号中，逗号的使用频率是最高的，逗号虽小，但是了解并掌握其使用规则，能帮助我们更好地学习英语和正确地理解英文。通过分析近几年各地的高考题我们发现，高考试题中对逗号的考查基本上都是通过对句子成分的分析来考查的，即并列分句和其他从句的判断，涉及动词的多种形式和句子结构。
一、对句中动词形式的考查
例1 She took her son，ran out of the house，________ him in the car and drove quickly to the nearest doctor’s office.
A. put B. to put
C. putting D. having put
解析：答案为A。英语句子中一般用逗号连接并列成分，最后两个并列成分之间用and连接。由句中的逗号与and可知，took，ran，put，drove 为四个并列的谓语动词，其时态应一致。注意这四个谓语动词表示的动作之间有连续发生的关系。
试比较：Hearing the news，he rushed out，________ the book ________ on the table and disappeared into the distance.
A. left；lain open B. leaving；lying open
C. leaving；lie opened D. left；lay opened
解析：答案为B。此题与例1不同，leaving 在此表示结果，lying open 与其前的动词leave有关，leave后接现在分词，作宾语补足语，表示使某人或某物处于做某事的状态中。因此，句中rushed和disappeared是并列关系，作谓语。
例2 Tony lent me the money，________ that I’d do as much for him.
A. hoping B. to hope
C. hoped D. having hoped
解析：答案为A。句子中间用逗号间隔，但是没有其他连词，可以得知逗号后的部分在句中作状语，Tony和hope是主谓关系，排除C。不定式to hope作目的状语，一般在句首时才用逗号间隔。having done作状语，表示该动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，所以D项也不对。
例3 ________ he got the news，Mr. Wang hurried out of his house，and ________ his car， drove all the way into town.
A. Instantly；started
B. Once；to start
C. Until；starting
D. The moment；having started
解析：答案为D。此题的关键在于最后的逗号，常见的并列排列规则是前面的并列成分都用逗号连接，最后一个并列成分用and连接。然而本题的最后一个并列成分前用了逗号。因此，本题中and后面的动词不是hurried和drove的并列谓语形式，要用非谓语动词形式。having started表示伴随动作，作状语。
例4 ________ these two cultures，and you will see some similarities and differences.
A. Compare B. Comparing
C. Compare with D. Compared with
解析：答案为A。and作为连词，连接两个句子，一般情况下前面有一个逗号分隔，此题是and连接的祈使句和一个含有一般将来时的句子。
例5 Pressed from his parents，and ________ that he has wasted too much time，the boy is determined to stop playing video games.
A. realizing B. realized
C. to realize D. being realized
解析：答案为A。后面的句子是一个简单句，所以前面的逗号和and是用来分隔状语成分的。主语与press是被动关系，但是与realize是主动关系。
例6 ________，the sun was rising in the east.
A. Arriving there B. We arriving there
C. Having arrived there D. We arrived
解析：答案为B。由于本题中逗号后面没有连词，我们可以判定逗号前应是状语成分，不能是句子，所以要用独立主格结构。结合句意“我们到达那里”，应该用主动语态，答案为B。
二、对句子连接词的考查
例7 By 16：30，________ was almost closing time，nearly all the paintings had been sold.
A. which B. when C. what D. that
解析：答案为 A。由by 16：30可以得知从句是在谈时间，但是从句中缺少主语，前面又有一个逗号而没有其他连词，所以可以确定这里是一个非限制性定语从句，用which。
例8 Studies have described a rise in the cases of mental disorder in China，some of ________ linked to stress as the pace of life becomes faster.
A. which B. them C. this D. that
解析：答案为B。句中只有逗号，没有其他连词，因此可以判断linked部分不能构成一个有效的句子。这里是常见的独立主格结构，linked在句中是过去分词形式，表示被动。如果改为句子，则可以这样表达：...and some of them are linked to stress as the pace of life becomes faster.
例9 Find ways to praise your children often，________ you’ll find they will open their hearts to you.
A. till B. or C. and D. but
解析：答案为C。此题考查在特定语境下使用“祈使句+and+并列句”句型的能力，侧重点是对连接词的考查。本句型是由连词and连接的并列句，前一分句表示一种条件或假设，相当于if引导的条件状语从句，后一分句表示一种结果或推论。此句可变化为复合句：If you find ways to praise your children often，you’ll find they will open their hearts to you.
例10 We need a more capable leader，________ with strong will and good humor as well.
A. who B. that C. one D. the one
解析：答案为C。此题容易误选A，但是很明显后面不是一个句子，本句中的逗号后面没有连词，所以只能是一个用来修饰leader的同位语，泛指“一位意志坚定同时又有幽默感的领导”。
例11 ________ is known to all，the number of college students has been growing fast in the past years.
例12 ________ is known to all that the number of college students has been growing fast in the past years.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
解析：答案分别为B、A。这两道题很好地说明了逗号的作用――间隔分句。例11中有逗号，但是没有连接句子的成分，因此用as引导从句。例12中没有逗号，但是后面有that从句，因此前面应该是一个“it+be动词+过去分词+that”句式。其实这个句子还可以变为：________ is known to all is that the number of college students has been growing fast in the past years.这个时候答案就是D项了。