中考英语代词考查热点分析

时间:2022-07-22 04:22:55

中考英语代词考查热点分析

纵观全国各地中考试题,不难发现对代词的考查涉及有关代词知识的方方面面。本文拟就结合近两年中考典型试题,对代词的考点加以归纳,以飨读者。

一、考查人称代词的用法

人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或表语;人称代词的宾格在句子中作动词或介词的宾语;it可以指代前面提到的事物,也可以用作形式主语或形式宾语。人称代词有人称、数、格的变化。

【链接中考】

1. We live in Shanxi Province. She’s our beautiful home. We all love _______. (山西)

A. him B. them C. her

【答案及解析】上文提到“她是我们的美丽家园”,故答案为C。

2. I think _____ very important for students to study by themselves in the school or at home. (湖南永州)

A. it B. this C. that

【答案及解析】it作的是形式宾语,“to study by themselves in the school or at home”为真正宾语。答案为A。

二、考查物主代词的用法

形容词性物主代词不能单独使用,它只能用来作定语,位于名词之前,相当于形容词的作用;而名词性物主代词和名词一样在句子中作主语、宾语和表语,可以单独使用。

【链接中考】

―Are these CDs ______?

―No, they are not mine. They belong to _______. (湖北咸宁)

A. your; her B. yours; her

C. you; hers D. yours; she

【答案及解析】根据题干第二个空介词to后需接宾语,即要用宾格,可排除C、D两项;根据答语“不,他们不是我的”可知,问句的内容是“这些CDs是你的吗?”,因此第一空应为名词性物主代词作表语,故答案为B。

三、考查反身代词的用法

反身代词在句中可用作宾语和表语,和句子中的主语相呼应,表示主语动作的对象或表现的特征是自己本身。反身代词不能单独作主语,但可作主语同位语。另外,反身代词可以构成很多固定搭配短语:help oneself to ...; enjoy oneself; teach oneself; leave one by oneself; learn ... by oneself等。

【链接中考】

1. ―Who taught you Japanese?

―Nobody, I taught it by _______. (四川广安)

A. myself B. my

C. me

【答案及解析】本题考查反身代词的用法。“teach ... by oneself”意为“自学”,答案为A。

2. Welcome to my new house, Ann and John!Help _______ to some fruit. (鸡西)

A. myself B. yourself

C. yourselves

【答案及解析】本题考查反身代词的固定短语的用法。“help oneself to ...”意思是“随便吃/喝些……吧”。因为题中情形设置的是对Ann and John两人说的话,所以反身代词应用yourselves。答案为C项。

3. ―I could look after _______ when I was five.

―Really? I can’t believe it. (湖州)

A. myself B. herself

C. himself D. yourself

【答案及解析】本题考查反身代词的用法。反身代词可以在介词后作宾语。根据句意“我五岁时就能照顾自己”可以判断出,答案为A项。

四、考查疑问代词的辨析及用法

疑问代词主要有who(谁),whom(谁),which(哪一个/哪一些),what(什么),whose(谁的),用来构成特殊疑问句,置于句首。who, whom指人,表示“谁”,作主语时用who,作宾语时用whom。口语中常用who代替whom。但是在疑问句中作介词宾语,且介词有置于句首时,只能用whom。

【链接中考】

1. ______ is her favourite subject? Her favourite subject is art. (山东枣庄)

A. Why B. When

C. Who D. What

【答案及解析】本题考查疑问代词用法。问句询问的是“她最喜爱的科目是什么”,四个选项中只有what是“什么”之意。故答案为D项。

2. _______ did Gina say when you told her about the game? (山东威海)

A. How B. What

C. Which D. Why

【答案及解析】本题考查疑问代词用法。问句询问的是“吉娜说了什么”,四个选项中只有what是“什么”之意。故答案为B项。

五、考查few和a few; little和a little; many, much及a lot of的用法及辨析

few和a few用于可数复数名词前,few表否定,意为“很少,几乎没有”;a few用于可数名词前,表肯定,意为“有几个,有一些”;little和a little用于不可数名词前,little表否定意义,意为“很少,几乎没有”,a little表示肯定意义,意为“有点儿,少量”;many和much的意思都是“许多”。二者常用于否定句和疑问句中;肯定句中常用a lot of。many修饰可数名词复数;much修饰不可数名词;而a lot of既可修饰可数名词复数,又可以修饰不可数名词。

【链接中考】

1. My cousins have collected stamps for two years. They have ______ stamps from countries. (浙江温州)

A. few B. many

C. much D. little

【答案及解析】根据上文既然“表哥集邮两年了”,他们自然应该有“很多”邮票了。stamp是可数名词。故答案为B。

2. Her brother is very busy with his work now, so he has _____ time to read newspaper. (泸州)

A. much B. little

C. full D. a lot of

【答案及解析】根据句意应是没有时间看报纸,故答案为B。

3. ―I have ________ money with me. Would mind lending me some?

―Of course not.(深圳)

A. a few B. a little

C. few D. little

【答案及解析】根据问句中“你介意借给我一些钱吗”可知,“我”几乎没有钱了,表示否定意义,money是不可数名词。故答案为D项。

六、考查all, both, either, neither, none的用法及区别

both, either和neither都可表示两者,在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语,both还可以用作同位语。neither表示两者的否定;either表示两者中任何一个,强调个体;both表示两者肯定。all和none表示三者或三者以上。all可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语;none可作主语、宾语和同位语,但不能作定语。all作主语时,指人看作复数,指物看作单数;none作主语时,看作单复数均可。both, all, none作主语同位语时,通常放在行为动词前,be动词、助动词或情态动词的后面。all和both与副词not连用时表示部分否定。

【链接中考】

1. There’re only two paintings for sale and he bought ________. (北京)

A. all B. any

C. both D. some

【答案及解析】本题考查不定代词的用法。题目中谈及的是两幅画,可排除A、D两项。Any用于肯定句,表示“任何,无论哪一个”,后接单数名词,这里与题意不符,故答案为C项。

2. ―What do you think of the four classics (名著) of China?

―I hear that they are wonderful, but I’ve read _______ of them. (山东德州)

A. all B. both

C. neither D. none

【答案及解析】本题考查不定代词的用法。all指的是三者或三者以上的“全,都”;both指的是二者的“全,都”;neither指的是“二者中的没有哪一个”;none用于三者或三者以上中的没有。根据句意判断可知“我”没有看过它们中的任何一个,故答案为D项。

3. ―Which would you like, tea or coffee?

―_______ is OK, I don’t mind. (黑龙江绥化)

A. Either B. Both

C. Any

【答案及解析】问话使用了or,表示让对方选择茶或咖啡的一种。根据答句“I don’t mind.”可知,“我”不介意喝哪种,两者中哪一种都行。答案为A项。

七、考查替代词that/those; one/ones的用法及区别

that用来替代前面提到过的单数名词或不可数名词,不能与冠词连用,其后总有修饰语,其复数形式是those。替代可数名词时,that相当于the one; those相当于the ones。one/ones用来替代前面提到的可数名词,one替代单数,ones替代复数,它们所替代的是同名异物的名词,表示泛指,既可有前置定语或后置定语,也可单独使用。特指时,必须加定冠词。

【链接中考】

1. As for learning English, students who read a lot can do much better than ______ who don’t. (内蒙古包头)

A. those B. that

C. these D. them

【答案及解析】本题考查替代词的用法。C、D两项不能用作替代,首先排除掉。that用来替代前面提到过的单数名词或不可数名词,而those则替代复数名词。答案为A。

2. ―Can I use your e-dictionary?

―Sorry, I don’t have _______. (盐城)

A. it B. this

C. that D. one

【答案及解析】考查替代词的用法,表示泛指用one。答案为D项。

3. I haven’t been to the movies these days. Are there any good _______ this week? (台湾)

A. ones B. others

C. them D. those

【答案及解析】考查替代词的用法。ones是不定代词的复数形式,代替前面提过的电影,有因为句中使用了Are there,所以需要使用复数形式。答案为A。

八、考查other, the other, another, others, the others的用法及区别

指代单数时,若是泛指,用another;若是特指,则用the other。指代复数时,若是泛指,用other修饰名词的复数形式;若是特指,用the other修饰名词的复数形式。another一般表示单数,其后接可数名词的单数形式。若其后有数词或few修饰时,则可接复数名词。others不能作定语,表示复数意义,相当于“other+复数名词”;the others相当于“the other+复数名词”。

【链接中考】

1. Lily and her sister look the same. I can’t tell one from _______. (山东济宁)

A. other B. another

C. the other D. others

【答案及解析】one ... the other意为“(两者中)一个……另一个……”。答案为C。

2. ―Oh, the traffic is so heavy.

―Let’s change _______ route to the airport. (江苏连云港)

A. other B. others

C. the other D. another

【答案及解析】本题考查不定代词的用法。题干为“换别的路线”,而other为“另外的”;others后不能加名词,the other为“两者当中的另一个”;another表示“再,又;别的,其他的;任何一个”,指三者或以上中的任何一个。答案为D项。

3. ―Do you have enough students to clean the laboratory?

―No, I think we need _______ stu-

dents. (山东烟台)

A. another B. two others

C. more two D. two more

【答案及解析】答语意为“不,我们还需要两个学生”。another意为“另一个”,是指三者或三者以上中的“另一个”;没有two others这种表达方式;表示还需要两个应该用“two more”或“another two”来表示。故答案为D项。

九、考查some, any及其相应符合代词的用法及辨析

some一般用于肯定句,any多用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。但在表示请求或邀请的句子中,期望对方能给予一个肯定的答复,此时常用some而不用any。另外any作代词或形容词,意为“任何,无论哪一个”,后接可数名词单数形式时,可用于陈述句或祈使句中。如:Any time is OK. some, any, every 常与-one, -body, -thing构成不定代词,其基本用法与some, any, every的用法相当。

【链接中考】

1. When the Greens moved into the house last week, _______ was at sixes and sevens, so they did a big cleaning. (湖北武汉)

A. something B. everything

C. anything D. nothing

【答案及解析】本题考查不定代词的用法。something意为“某事,某物”,everything意为“一切事物”,anything意为“任何事”,nothing意为“无事,无物”。根据题意,格林一家搬进房子里,“一切”乱七八糟的。故答案为B。

2. We know _______ about the new boss except that she just came back from the US. We hope to know her better. (台湾)

A. everything B. nothing

C. other things D. something

【答案及解析】因为是新老板,而且后面又表达希望更了解她,表明句中想表达的是不了解她。答案为B。

3. ―Who broke the window?

―_______. A strong wind broke it last night. (贵州安顺)

A. Somebody B. Anybody

C. Nobody D. Everybody

【答案及解析】本题考查不定代词的用法。“是谁打破的玻璃?没有人。昨天晚上是风打破的。”somebody意为“有人,某个人”;anybody意为“任何人”;everybody意为“每个人,大家”均不符合题意,故答案为C项。

【真题演练】

1. We have decided to try _______ best to raise more money for the local charity. (上海)

A. us B. our

C. we D. ours

2. ―Here is a schoolbag. Whose is it?

―Oh, it’s _______. Thank you. (福建)

A. my B. mine

C. me

3. Don’t worry about me. I’m old enough to think for _______. (河北)

A. himself B. herself

C. yourself D. myself

4. Lincoln came from nothing, yet he did _______ that changed the world. (山东潍坊)

A. something B. nothing

C. everything D. anything

5. It’s easy to find a good hotel in our city because we have ______ of them here. (江西)

A. none B. few

C. many D. each

6. The Zhang family are looking forward to owning a house. Last week they when to see several houses, but _______ of them was suitable. (山西)

A. either B. neither

C. none

7. ―How was your trip in Chengdu?

―Not so good. I stayed there for two days, but it rained on _______ of the days. (河南)

A. none B. neither

C. both D. none

8. Let me tell you _______ news about cell phones (手机)―Apple asks Samsung to stop copying, and hundreds of people lined up to buy iPhone 4S. (湖北黄石)

A. a B. many

C. some D. few

9. ―Do you need a new dictionary, Susan?

―No, Mum. My uncle bought me _______ yesterday. (山东菏泽)

A. one B. it

C. the one D. another

10. ―I’m thirsty now. Could I have _______ hot water?

―OK. Here you are. (襄阳)

A. any B. some

C. little D. no

11. I knocked on the door but _______ answered. (北京)

A. somebody B. anybody

C. everybody B. nobody

12. _______ is dangerous for us to swim in the river. (郴州)

A. It B. That

C. This

13. ―Yesterday I lost my pencil sharpener. I couldn’t find _______.

―Oh, it’s a pity. You’d better buy _______ this afternoon. (昆明)

A. it; it B. it; one

C. one; it D. one; one

14. We should plant more trees on _______ side of the street. (青海)

A. either B. both

C. all D. each

15. A smile costs nothing, but gives so _______. (浙江杭州)

A. little B. few

C. many D. much

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