从中考谈如何用英语写“调查报告”

请先看2006年青海省中考英语的“书面表达”题｡

现在上网成了许多中学生的主要娱乐方式之一｡假如你叫小明,你最近对所在学校的60名同学(30名男生,30名女生)进行了上网目的调查,下面是你的调查结果,请根据其内容写一封信给校报主编,报告自己的调查结果｡

1. 报告应包括图表所示的内容;

2. 叙述调查结果时要避免重复使用百分比;

3. 其中要有表明自己观点的句子;

4. 报告中不得出现真实的地名､校名和人名;

5. 报告应在100个单词左右｡生词: chat(聊天､谈话)

Dear Editor,

Yours,

Xiao Ming

参考范文:

Dear Editor,

I have recently made a survey among 30 boys and 30 girls in our school about their purpose of getting on the Internet. The chart shows that more than forty percent of the girls like chatting very much, while about the same number of the boys like playing games. What’s more, both the boys and the girls like to read news or send e-mails through the Internet. Maybe they think it’s the most convenient way to get information or keep in touch with friends. For studying, boys and girls are equal in the number, but only several of them use Internet as a tool to study. So I think we should guide the students to use Internet better.

Yours,

Xiao Ming

“调查报告”是中考英语“书面表达”题的常考题目之一,此类题目要求考生根据图表数据和英文提示,就调查结果和反映出来的问题进行描述,进而提出改进措施｡写作要求高,表达难度大｡因此,写作时应注意下列几点:

一､ 认真分析图表内容,准确获取相关信息

写调查报告一般遵循以下几个步骤:首先交待调查目的,接着叙述调查结果,说明调查中所反映的问题,并分析其原因,最后发表个人的观点,提出改进措施｡因此,考生在写作前应仔细研究图表所提供的各种数据,了解这些数据的分布规律及反映的一些现象｡只有这样,考生才能准确地获取写作所需的有关信息｡例如,认真阅读和分析2006年青海省中考英语“书面表达”题的图表可知,男生､女生都喜欢上网玩游戏､聊天､读信息､发信息等,男生､女生上网学习人数相当,但人数偏少,这正是需要改进的地方,也是考生要表达个人观点的地方｡

二､ 正确把握全文时态,准确使用英语语言

调查报告主要反映目前存在的社会现象,因此,谓语动词的时态应以一般现在时为主｡当然也有一些调查报告以时间为顺序,反映数据在时间上的变化,此时应根据时间的变换合理调整时态,反映过去数据应用一般过去时,反映现在数据应用一般现在时｡2006年青海省中考英语“书面表达”题所反映的是现阶段男女学生上网的不同目的,因此全文应使用一般现在时,参考范文也清楚地表明了这一点｡

三､ 用好特色语言,增强表达效果

调查报告的语言具有很强的规律性:交待调查目的或采访范围､采访对象､采访人数时可用“I have recently made/carried outa survey about.../In this survey, ...were interviewed. They were asked.../In our survey we interviewed... We asked them...”等;反映调查内容或结果时可用“The survey shows that.../Here are the results:...”等;交待数据时不应按照图表所提供的原始顺序一一表达,而应根据话题需要进行适当调整,而且表达数据时应尽可能地用求同存异的方法来反映数据规律,以便清楚地揭示社会现象｡此时可使用“...and...are equal in the number./Both...and...like to.../The number of...is almost the same as the number of.../The number of...is only half of the number of...”等;反映数量变化可用“rise/go up/grow, fall/drop/go down”等;反映数量比例可用“four-fifths, eighty percent, half of, a quarter of, three times as...as.../more than...”等;交待新情况或新变化时可用“Great changes have taken place in.../Now ...has taken on a new look”等;说明数据所反映的问题及其原因时可用“The chart shows...”,“There are... reasons for it./It results from.../It is caused by...”等;表达个人观点､提出改进措施时可用“I think we should take measures to.../In my opinion, we should...”等｡

四､ 用好过渡性词语,增强行文逻辑性

调查报告中常用的过渡性词语有:表示对比､转折关系的 but, however, yet, while;表示递进关系的 what’s more/besides, what’s worse/to make the matter worse/worse than all/worse than ever/worse still;表示因果关系的 thanks to, as a result(of), therefore, so;表示并列关系的 for one thing, for the other thing, on the one hand, on the other hand;表示总结的 in a word, in short;表示情感态度的 to our surprise/joy, even, maybe, still, also, too, of course, certainly;表示行文过渡的 as a rule, generally speaking, as we all know 等｡2006年青海省中考英语“书面表达”题的参考范文中使用了 while, what’s more, maybe, but, so 等过渡性词语,增强了文章的连贯性､逻辑性和感染力｡