高考题中的“情态动词+have+过去分词”结构

〔关键词〕 高考；难点；“情态动词+have+过去分词”结构

〔中图分类号〕 G633.41〔文献标识码〕 B

〔文章编号〕 1004―0463（2008）08（Ａ）―0058―０2

“情态动词+have+过去分词”这一结构可以表示各种不同的意义，是中学英语的难点之一，也是历年高考测试的热点内容之一。笔者根据历年高考题将此内容作一归纳。

一、“should（ought to）+have+过去分词”结构表示“过去应该做某事而没有做到”，即“本应该……（其实没有）”，含有后悔、责备或婉转批评之意。例如：

1. Here was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You

come， but why didn’t you？（1999上海）

A. must haveB. should

C. need haveD. ought to have（答案D）

2. I was really anxious about you. Youhome without a word.（2001NMET）

A. mustn’t leave

B. shouldn’t have left

C. couldn’t have left

D. needn’t have（答案B）

3. Oh，I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I

so much fried chicken just now.（2002NMET）

A. shouldn’t eat

B. mustn’t have eaten

C. shouldn’t have eaten

D. mustn’t eat（答案C）

4. ―My cat’s really fat.

―You have given her so much food.（2007浙江）

A. wouldn’tB. couldn’t

C. shouldn’tD. mustn’t（答案C）

5. I told your friend how to get to the hotel， but perhaps Ihave driven her there.（2007陕西）

A. couldB. must

C. mightD. should（答案D）

二、“must+have+过去分词”结构表示对过去发生的事情肯定的推测或者推论，只用在肯定句，含有一定、准是的意思。例如：

1. I didn’t hear the phone. I asleep.（1989NMET）

A. must beB. must have been

C. should be

D. should have been（答案B）

2. Where is my pen? I it.（1988NMET）

A. might lose

B. would have lost

C. should have lost

D. must have lost（答案D）

3. ―Tom graduated from college at a very young age.

―Oh，hehave been a very smart boy then.（2004NMET）

A. could B. should

C. might D. must（答案D）

4. ―She looks very happy. Shehave passed the exam.

―I guess so. It’s not difficult after all.（2007江苏）

A. couldB. must

C. mightD. should（答案B）

5. ―Guess what! I have got A for my term paper.

―Great! Youread widely and put a lot of work into it.（2007上海）

A. mustB. should

C. must haveD. should have（答案C）

三、“could+have+过去分词”结构表示对过去发生的事情作出否定判断或者推理，可用于肯定句、否定句或者疑问句中，含有“本来能够……而没有”之意，有遗憾或者委婉批评、责备的口气。例如：

1. I wish Ithe book yesterday，but I was too busy.

A. had finished to write

B. could have finished writing

C. could have finished to write

D. might finish writing（答案B）

2. ―I stayed at a hotel while in New York.

―Oh，did you? Youwith Barbara.（1998NMET）

A. could have stayed

B. could stay

C. would stay

D. must have stayed（答案A）

3. ―There were already five people in the car，but they managed to take me as well.

―Ita comfortable journey.（1995NMET）

A. can’t be

B. shouldn’t be

C. mustn’t have been

D. couldn’t have been（答案D）

但“can’t+have+过去分词”结构则表示对过去行为的否定推断，含有“决不会……”、“不大可能……”的意思。例如：

4. Jack yet，otherwise he would have telephoned me.（1997上海）

A. mustn’t have arrived

B. shouldn’t have arrived

C. can’t have arrived

D. need not have arrived（答案C）

5. Susanwritten a report like this.（1997上海）

A. can haveB. mustn’t have

C. can’t have D. ought to not have（答案C）

6. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon，so heyour lecture.（2000NMET）

A. couldn’t have attended

B. needn’t have attended

C. mustn’t have attended

D. shouldn’t have attended（答案A）

但是在“can+have+过去分词”结构中，它表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定。例如：

The engineer can have got my letter.

Can Tomboy have done the exercises?

四、“may（might）+have+过去分词”结构表示对过去发生的事情的猜测，might比may表示的可能性更小，在肯定句中表示“本来可以……而没有……”，含有“劝告”或“责备”之意。例如：

1. Heyou more help，even though he was very busy.（1990ＮMET）

A. might have givenB. might give

C. may have givenD. may give（答案A）

2. Yesterday，Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise，shesomething she would regret later.（1996NMET）

A. had saidB. said

C. might say D. might have said（答案D）

3. ―Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.

―Youit in the wrong place.（2007江西）

A. must putB. should have put

C. might putD. might have put（答案D）

五、“needn’t+have+过去分词”这一结构多用在否定句中，表示做了过去不必要或不需要做的事，含有“本来不必”、“本来不需要……而……”之意。例如：

1. I got up early this morning，but Iso，because it is Sunday.

A. didn’t need to do

B. didn’t need have done

C. needn’t to do

D. needn’t have done（答案D）

2. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I

the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.（2006江西）

A. should have taken

B. could have taken

C. needn’t have taken

D. mustn’t have taken（答案C）

六、“would+have+过去分词”结构表示过去想实现而未实现的愿望或要求。例如：

1. If the storm had happened in the day-time，theremany more deaths.

A. wereB. would have been

C. had been D. would be（答案B）

2. The potatoesbetter with a bit more salt.

A. would have B. would be having

C. would have beenD. would（答案C）

3. You didn’t let me drive.If we in turn，you

so tired.（1995ＮMET）

A. drove，didn’t get

B. drove，wouldn’t get

C. were driven，wouldn’t have got

D. had driven，wouldn’t have got（答案D）