高考中部分倒装考点及注意事项

时间:2022-10-21 07:14:15

高考中部分倒装考点及注意事项

摘 要:本文较全面总结了高考易考部分倒装的类型,列举了相应的高考题辅助理解,并针对学生做题中易出现的错误,指出使用这些类型的部分倒装时应注意的问题。

关键词:部分倒装;注意事项

部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词或系动词be倒装至主语之前。如果句中没有谓语,就用助动词或情态动词。部分倒装是每年高考中热考的特殊句式之一,下面是高考中常考的部分倒装情况及应注意的问题。

一、主句倒装

1.以否定副词或否定意义的副词性结构放在句首时,主句要求部分倒装。这些否定副词有barely, hardly, little, seldom, never, rarely, scarcely, nowhere等以及in no way, by no means, in no case, under/in no circumstances, at no time, in no sense, on no account, no sooner, no more, no longer, not until等

【典例1】Little ______ that we were watching his every move, so he seemed to be going his own way in this business.(2007安徽卷)

A.he realized B.he didn’t realize

C.didn’t he realize D.did he realize

解析:little为否定副词放在句首,句子要部分倒装,正确选项为D。

【典例2】Not until he left his home _______ to know how important the family was for him.(2010江西卷)

A.did he begin B.had he begun

C.he began D.he has begun

解析:正确选项为A。本题中not until位于句首时,主句部分倒装。

注意:这里要遵循即“主倒从不倒”的原则,也即在复合句中,从句不用倒装的,只倒装主句,上述的否定性副词及包含否定意义的否定副词性结构所在的复合句中的主句部分倒装,比如not until置于句首时,until引导的从句不用倒装。此外,当not until在强调句中出现时,主句部分不倒装。比如,上述否定副词出现在强调句型中被强调时,不用倒装。

例:It was not until he went abroad that he knew the truth of the fact.

2.only加状语置于句首,句子部分倒装

【典例3】Only after they had discussed the matter for a few hours _______ a decision (2011湖南卷)

A.they reached B.did they reach

C.they reach D.do they reach

解析:答案为B选项。本题中only位于句首修饰状语从句after they had discussed the matter for a few hours时,主句部分倒装。

【典例4】It was announced that only when the fire was under control _____ to return to their homes.(2008江西卷)

A.the residents would be permitted

B.had the residents been permitted

C.would the residents be permitted

D.the residents had been permitted

注意:只有only置于句首修饰副词、介词短语、状语从句等副词性质的结构时,句子才倒装,并且若only修饰状语从句置于句首时也遵循“主倒从不倒”的原则,主句进行部分倒装。记住,若only修饰主语句子不倒装。

例:Only my parents care about me.

3.并列复合连词not only …but also…和neither…nor…连接两个并列部分时也会出现部分倒装。not only…but also…连接两个分句时,倒装not only分句,后句不用倒装,即“前倒后不倒”。neither…nor…连接两个分句时,两个都要部分倒装

【典例5】New technology was used in teaching.As a result,not only _______,but students became more interested in the lessons.(2009琼宁卷)

A.saved was teachers’energy

B.was teachers’energy saved

C.teachers’energy was saved

D.was saved teachers’energy

解析:答案为C选项。本题not only…but also…连接两个分句,只倒装not only分句,后句不用倒装,即“前倒后不倒”。

二、从句部分倒装

1.as、though引起的特殊倒装

让步状语从句由as(though)引导时,通常可将表语、动词原形(含情态动词或助动词)或副词放在句首,主谓不倒装。若表语是带冠词的名词,放在句首时,要省去冠词。其句型为:

A.表语(adj./n.)+as(though)+主+be

B.动词原形+as(though)+主+情态动词(助动词)

C.状语(adv.)+as(though)+主+谓+…

【典例6】Try ____ she might,Sue couldn’t get the door open.(2011全国卷I)

A.if B.when C.since D.as

解析:本题中动词Try位于句首,考查“谓语动词+as+主语+情态动词”的让步状语从句,所以要选D选项。

2.虚拟语气中的倒装

在虚拟语气中,如果if条件从句有系动词were或助动词should、had,可以把其置于句首,同时省去if。

如:If I had persuaded the little girl not to fill the thermos, she wouldn’t have been burnt badly.可改成:Had I persuaded the little girl not to fill the thermos, she wouldn’t have been burnt badly.

【典例7】Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy_____.(2010年浙江)

A.would have been saved

B.had been saved

C.will be saved

D.was saved

解析:本题中前面的句子是一个省略if后再把had提前的从句。根据从句中使用的是过去完成时,说明是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,那么主句中就对应使用过去将来完成时。所以答案选A。

(作者单位:河南省许昌高中)

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