浅谈及物动词与不及物动词的区别

时间:2022-10-10 12:34:44

几乎所有的语法书籍都这样讲:可以直接带宾语的动词为及物动词,不能直接带宾语的动词为不及物动词。这一说法只是说明了两种动词的使用规则,并没有揭示这两种动词的本质特性,笔者认为,一个动词所表示的动作以影响其他对象为目的,并且与不同的对象接触会产生不同的结果,这样的动词一般就是及物动词。如果一个动词所表示的动作是用来表示动作发出者本身的行为或状态,而不是要影响其他对象,这样的动词一般就是不及物动词。当然,由于人类具有灵活运用语汇的能力,使有些动词同时具备及物动词与不及物动词的双重性质,有些动词甚至又可用做名词。但是,只要我们以理解词意为前提,就不难判断一个动词的类型,从而做到用词准确。本文列举一定数量的及物动词和不及物动词,每一个动词给出其基本词意并写两个例句,帮助读者理解及物动词与不及物动词的内涵,限于篇幅,对于每一个动词不再做分析,读者可以按照本文给出的定义自行比对,写出更多的例句,以达到深刻认识及准确使用动词的水平。

1 及物动词及例句

accommodate 提供;接受。

1.The hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.

这家旅馆可供500位旅客住宿。

2.I have accommodated the press a great deal, giving numerous interviews.

我多次接受采访,已经给了报界许多方便。

adjust 调节;调整。

1.This bus is for adjusting the volume.

这个按钮是调节音量的。

2.Adjusting your language to the age of your audience.

要根据听众的年龄使用相应的语言。

aggravate 使严重;使恶化。

1.Pollution can aggravate asthma.

污染会使气喘加重。

2.Military intervention will only aggravate conflict even further.

军事介入只会时冲突加剧。

allege 断言;提出;声称。

1.The prosecution alleges she was driving carelessly.

控方指控她粗心驾驶。

2.It is allege that she mistreated the prisoners.

据称她虐待犯人。

analyse 分析。

1.The job involves gatherting and analyzing data.

这项工作包括搜集和整理资料。

2.He tried to allege his feelings.

他试图分析自己的感情。

arouse 引起。

1.Her strange behavior aroused suspicions.

她的古怪行为引起了我们的怀疑。

2.The whole community was aroused by the crime.

这个罪行使整个社会行动起来。

assail 攻击;抨击;袭击。

1.He was assailed with fierce blows to the head.

他的头遭到了猛烈的殴打。

2.The proposal was assailed by the opposition party.

提案遭到反对党的抨击。

assess 评估;评定;估算;核定。

1.I’d assess your chances as low.

我估计你的机会不大。

2.They have assessed the amount of compensation to the paid.

他们已经核定赔偿额。

await 等候;等待;期待。

1.A warm welcome awaits all our guests.

我们的客人都将受到热烈欢迎。

2.Her latest novel is eagerly awaited.

人们正急切地期待她的最新小说。

banish 放逐;流放;赶走;驱除。

1.He was banished to Australia, where he died five years later.

他被流放到澳大利亚,五年后在那里去世。

2.The children were banished from the dining room.

孩子们被赶出餐室。

cheat 欺骗;蒙骗。

1.She is accused of attempting to cheat the taxman.

她被指控企图蒙骗税务员。

2.He cheated his way into the job.

他骗取了这份工作。

comprehend 理解;领悟。

1.She could not comprehend how someone would risk people’s lives in that way.

她不明白怎么有人竟拿人们的生命那样去冒险。

2.The infinite distances of space are too great for the human mind to comprehend.

太空的无垠距离遥远得让人类的大脑无法理解。

conceive 想象;想出(主意、计划等)。

1.He conceived the idea of transforming the old power station into an arts center.

他想出了一个把旧发电站改造为艺术中心的主意。

2.God is often conceived as male.

上帝常常被想象为男性。

deprive 剥夺;使丧失;使不能享受。

1.They were imprisoned and deprived of their basic rights.

他们遭到监禁并被剥夺了基本权利。

2.Why should you deprive yourself of such simple pleasures?

你为什么连这种简单的娱乐也不让自己享受一下呢?

disband 解散;解体;散伙。

1.The set about disbanding the terrorist groups.

他们开始解散恐怖组织。

2.The committee formally disbanded in August.

委员会于八月份正式解散。

enhance 提高;增进。

1.This is an opportunity to enhance the reputation of the company.

这是提高公司声誉的机会。

2.The skilled use of make-up to enhance your best features.

技巧地利用化妆以突出容貌的优点。

exploit 利用;发挥。

1.He exploited his father’s name to get himself a job.

他利用他父亲的名声为自己找到一份工作。

2.What’s being done to stop employers from exploiting young people?

目前有什么措施制止雇主剥削年轻人呢?

reject 拒绝接受;不予考虑。

1.The prime minister rejected any idea of reforming the system.

首相对任何改革体制的想法都不予考虑。

2.The proposal was firmly rejected.

这项提议被断然拒绝了。

2 不及物动词及例句

ache 疼痛。

1.My head is aching.

我头痛。

2.After climbing the mountain, he ached all over.

爬山以后,他浑身疼痛。

behave 行为;举止。

1.He has behaved shamefully towards his wife, has treated her in a shameful way.

他以可耻的态度对待他的妻子。

2.Can’t you make your little boy behave, show good manners, be polite?

你不能教你的小孩学点礼貌吗?

decay 变坏;衰落;腐烂。

1.Our powers decay in old age.

我们的体力在老年时衰退。

2.What caused the Roman Empire to decay?

罗马帝国衰亡的原因何在?

loom 隐约发现。

1.The dark outline of another ship loomed through the fog.

另一只船的踪影在雾中隐现。

2.The threat of the H-boom loomed large in their minds.

他们心中深受氢弹的威胁。

pine 憔悴;思念。

1.After his wife died, he just pined away.

妻子死后,他日渐憔悴。

2.She was pining for the mountains of her native country.

她对祖国的青山思念不已。

seethe 生气;充满。

1.She seethed silently in the corner.

她在角落里默默地生闷气。

2.The resort is seething with tourists all year around.

这处名胜一年四季游人如织。

shudder 发抖;战栗。

1.Just thinking about the accident makes me shudder.

只要一想起那场事故我们就发抖。

2.I shuddered at the thought of all the trouble I’d caused.

一想到我闯的祸,就不寒而栗。

arrive 到达;抵达。

1.She’ll arrive in New York at noon.

她将在正午抵达纽约。

2.The train arrived at the station 20 minutes late.

火车迟了20分钟到站。

dance 跳舞;跳(某一种舞)。

1.Will you dance with me?

你愿和我共舞吗?

2.They went to dancing until after midnight.

他们一直舞到午夜以后。

breathe 吸入(呼出);吸(呼)气。

1.He was breathing hard when he finished the race.

他跑完赛跑时很费力地喘着气。

2.He breathed a sigh of relief.

他放心地松了一口气。

come 来。

1.He came into the room and shut the door.

他进了房间,把门关上。

2.They are coming to stay for a week.

他们要来待上一星期。

go 去;走。

1.She went into her room and shut the door behind her.

她走进自己的房间随手把门关上。

2.He goes to work by bus.

他乘公共汽车去上班。

live 活着;生存。

1.She’s very ill – the doctors don’t think she will live.

她病得很重,医生们认为她不能活了。

2.The old people died but young people lived on in the village.

村子里的老年人都死了,但年轻人还活着。

look 看;视;望。

1.We looked but saw nothing.

我们看了,但没有看见什么。

2.I happened to be looking in a different direction.

我碰巧朝另一方向看。

listen 倾听;留心听。

1.We listen but heard nothing.

我们留心听,但没有听见什么。

2.The boys heard their father’s voice but were not listening to what he was saying.

男孩们听见了他们父亲的声音,但并没有留心听他所说的话。

Rise (指日、月、星)升起;复活;复苏。

1.The sun rises in the east.

太阳在东方升起。

2.Jesus Christ rose from the dead.

耶稣基督死后复活。

sit 坐(在地上或座位上);使坐。

1.The child is not big enough to sit at table yet.

那孩子尚小,不能上桌进餐。

2.She sat and stared at the letter in front of her.

她坐在那儿,凝视着面前的那份信。

Work 工作;做事。

1.He’s been working hard all day.

他已经辛苦地工作了一整天。

2.The man in this factory work 40 hours a week.

这个工厂里的工人每周工作四十个小时。

对于既可做及物动词,又可做不及物动词的词汇,读者可根据本文给出的判断标准进行判断,并参照本文中的例句使用,这里不再赘言。

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