定语从句学习中的易混点及简析

摘 要 定语从句一直是中学英语教学的重难点，也是考试当中的常考点。尤其是其中容易混淆的地方，更是让许多学生感到头疼。但是，如果我们有心，用心，能够对其进行认真的对比、分析的话，那么这些易混点也会变得很容易。

关键词 定语从句；易混点；英语教学；常考点；对比分析；参考；举例；先行词；关系词

定语从句一直是中学英语教学的重难点，也是考试当中的常考点。尤其是其中容易混淆的地方，更是让许多学生感到头疼。但是，如果我们有心，用心，能够对其进行认真的对比、分析的话，那么这些易混点也会变得很容易。下面我仅举几例，以供大家参考。注意其中加横线的地方。

（1）a. As is known to us， Taiwan is part of China.

b. It is known to us that Taiwan is part of China.

c. What is known to us is that Taiwan is part of China.

这一组例句中， a 句是as引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是后边那句话；b句中it是形式主语，that引导主语从句；c句what引导主语从句，that引导表语从句。

（2）a. He is one of the students who have been to Beijing in our class .

b. he is the（only/just /very） one of the students who has been to Beijing.

这组例句中，one of the + 复数名词中先行词是后面的复数名词，其后定语从句谓语动词用复数；而one前面加‘the ， the only， the very， the just’先行词看作是one， 后面定语从句中谓语动词用单数.

（3）a. Is this book the one you are looking for？

b. Is this the book （ which / that） you are looking for？

在这组例句中，a句this book是主语，is是谓语，the one是表语，又是后边定语从句的先行词，在从句中作宾语，关系代词省略；b句中this是主语，the book是先行词，关系代词做后面从句的宾语也可以省略。

（4）a. It is at 5：00 pm that I arrived home.

b. It is 5：00 pm when I arrived home.

这组例句中，a句是强调句型，也就是把‘It is …that’去掉，剩下部分‘I arrived home at 5：00’是完整句子；而b句是定语从句，先行词是5：00，在定语从句中做时间状语，去掉‘It is …when’剩下部分不是完整句子。

（5）a. It is the place where /at which I put my luggage.

b. It is where I put my luggage.

这组例句中，a句是定语从句，the place是先行词，在定语从句中，关系副词where可用介词加关系代词at which取代；b句是where引导的表语从句，at which不能取代where。

（6）a. This is the factory （ that / which） we visited yesterday.

b. This is the factory where/ at which I worked last year.

c. This is the factory （ which / that） I worked in last year.

这组例句都是定语从句，但a句先行词在从句中做及物动词的宾语，要用关系代词引导并可以省略；b句先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词或者介词加关系代词； c句中关系代词在从句中做in的宾语，可省略。

（7）a. The news （ that /which） he told me yesterday is true.

b. The news that he will come to our school is true.

这组例句中，a句是定语从句，对前边名词进行修饰，关系词作从句的宾语，可以省略；b句是同位语从句，对前边名词进行解释说明，关系词that不能省略。

（8）a. What he said is right.

b. All（ that ）he said is right.

c. That he is a good teacher is right.

这组例句中，a句是what引导的主语从句，在从句中充当say 的宾语；b句是that引导的定语从句修饰前面的先行词all，在从句中作say 的宾语可以省略，也不省略。c 句是that引导的主语从句，that 在从句不做成分，但不能省略。

（9）a. I know a boy whose name is Tom.

b. I know a boy of whom the name is Tom.

定语从句中，whose + n. = of whom/which the +n.或 the +n. of whom/which。

（10）a. The old woman has 3 sons， none of whom is a doctor.

b. The old woman has 3 sons， but none of them is a doctor.

这组例句中，a句是定语从句，whom是关系词；b句已有连词but，后面不再用其他连词，而用代词them。

（11）a. His son came home tiredly， whose clothes was covered with some thick snow.

b. His son came home tiredly， his clothes covered with some thick snow.

这组例句中，a句是定语从句，whose是关系词，引导后面的定语从句；b句是简单句，后半句不是句子，不需要连词， cover是分词.

（12）a. This is the reason why/ for which he was late yesterday.

b. This is the reason （ which/ that） he told me yesterday.

c. It was for the reason that he was ill that he didn’t go to school.

这组例句中， a句的先行词在从句中做状语，要用why 或for which引导； b句先行词在从句中做told 的直接宾语，所以要用which或that 引导或省略；c 中第一空是that 引导的同位语从句，that 不做成分，不省略，第二空是that连接的强调句，that 不做成分，不省略。

总之，类似的易混点在定语从句的学习中还会有很多，只要我们细心，认真地去对比分析，抓住关键细节，还是不难选出正确答案的。