定语从句难

定语从句是中学生感到比较难掌握的一个语法项目，更是各省市高考试题常考查的一个知识点。学生在阅读理解中遇到复杂的长句里面往往包含定语从句，在英语写作中使用定语从句也会使文章增色不少。因此，掌握好定语从句也有助于学生阅读能力和写作能力的提高。要掌握好定语从句，有以下几个难点需要克服。

一、 分隔式定语从句

定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语等隔开，从而增加试题的难度。

【示例】 1.（2011天津卷） The days are gone physical strength was all you needed to make a living.

A. when B. that

C. where D. which

2.（2011陕西卷） I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.

A. which B. where

C. who D. that

【解析】 1. A。先行词为the days，系表结构把它与后面的从句分隔开了。句意：完全靠体力来谋生的日子一去不复返了。

2. B。 with my friend作状语，把先行词the top of the hill和后面的定语从句分隔开了。句意：我和朋友爬上了山顶，在那儿我们欣赏到美丽的湖色。

二、 抽象地点或时间类后的定语从句

当先行词为stage, situation, point, case, atmosphere, occasion, life, job等词且关系词在从句中作状语，这时用where或when引导定语从句。

【示例】 1.（2009重庆卷） Life is a long race we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.

A. why B. what

C. that D. where

2. （2011江苏卷） Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, the audience can buy ice-cream.

A. when B. where

C. that D. which

【解析】 1. D。先行词为 race，代入从句中句子为“we compete with others to go beyond ourselves in the long race”，由此可见，in the long race在从句中作地点状语。

2. A。句意：在音乐会的两部之间有个休息时间，这个时候观众可以买冰激凌。先行词interval意为“间隔，休息时间”，且在从句中作时间状语，故使用关系副词when。

三、 “介词+which”引导的定语从句中介词的确定

（一） 由从句中的动词、形容词或名词所确定

【示例】 1.（2010上海卷） Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future.

A. on which B. by which

C. to which D. from which

2. China has made great achievements in space industry we are proud.

A. where B. about which

C. what D. of which

3. How to live longer is a question ______ man has tried to find a good answer for ages.

A. to which B. of which

C. what D. whether

【解析】 1. C。从句中的谓语动词return与选项中介词to构成固定搭配，意为“回到，重新利用”。句意：风力是一种很古老的能源，不久的将来我们也会再利用它。

2. D。从句中形容词和of连用，构成固定短语be proud of。

3. A。从句中名词answer与to连用，the answer to 意为“……的答案”。句意：如何才能长寿，是人类数千年来力图寻求良好答案的问题。

（二） 由被修饰的词（先行词）所确定

【示例】 1.（2007重庆卷） Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _____ they can be controlled on purpose.

A. with which B. to which

C. of which D. for which

2.（2005重庆卷） Mark was a student at this university from 1992 to 2003, ________ he studied very hard and was made chairman of the Students’ Union.

A. during which time

B. for which time

C. during which

D. by that time

【解析】 1. B。先行词degree常与介词to连用，to a degree意为“在一定程度上”。

2. A。先行词from 1992 to 2003表示在1992年到2003年期间，故选A。

（三） 根据整个句子所要表达的含义来确定

【示例】 1.（2007江苏卷） He was educated at the local high school, _____ he went to Peking University.

A. after which B. after that

C. in which D. in that

2. Steven Spielberg has directed many good films in his life, _____ Schindler’s List is a good example.

A. about whom B. of which

C. for which D. in which

【解析】 1. A。根据句意，他在地方中学接受教育，之后到北京大学就读。表示在那之后，故使用after which。

2. B。根据句意，Schindler’s List是他导演的电影中一个很好的例子，即：a good example of them。

（四） 代词all, both, none和名词后加of which/whom表示所属关系，不定代词也可以位于of whom/which之后

【示例】 （2011江西卷） She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _____ has taken more than three years.

A. for which B. with which

C. of which D. to which

【解析】 C。根据句意，博物馆的建设已经持续了三年，the construction与museum间表示所属关系。

四、 如何区分定语从句和强调句型

【示例】 1.（2010四川卷） Was it on a lonely island _______ he was saved one month after the boat went down.

A. where B. that

C. which D. what

2. ―Is this the village you often refer to？

―Yes. It is just the one ______ you know I was born.

A. where B. that

C. which D. when

【解析】 1. B。强调句型的构成：it is/was+被强调成分+that/who+句子的其他部分。如果把题干中it was/is和that/who去掉，句子无论从句子结构还是从句意上都正确，则该题是对强调句型的考查，否则可能是对定语从句的考查。根据这一方法可看出示例1是对强调句型的考查。

2. A。如果把it was去掉，句子改为“The one you know I was born”，显然这句话无论从句子结构还是句意上都不通。代词the one指代上句提及的村庄，在从句中作地点状语，此题考查定语从句。

五、 如何区分同位语从句和定语从句

【示例】 1.（2011天津卷） Modern science has given clear evidence _____ smoking can lead to many diseases.

A. what B. which

C. that D. where

2. The suspect couldn’t provide full evidence _____ could prove his innocence of the crime.

A. what B. that

C. who D. how

【解析】 1. C。此题考查同位语从句，连接词that在从句中不担任句子成分，也无词义。

2. B。此题考查定语从句，that在从句中作主语，指代先行词evidence，故使用关系代词that。

巩固练习

1. People Who Moved China, hosted by CCTV, honors the people _______ the valuable contributions should be remembered by every Chinese.

A. whose B. of whom

C. that D. of which

2. The art museum _____ garden is very attractive will open next week.

A. whose B. which

C. that D. where

3. The film brought the happy days back to me ______ I spent my care-free childhood in the countryside.

A. where B. that

C. which D. when

4. Are you sure that the students will find jobs ______ they are being trained in your school?

A. in that B. for that

C. in which D. for which

5. Madam Cuire, ______ life had once been very hard, was the winner of the Nobel Prize.

A. for whom B. about whom

C. which D. who

6. Apart from newspapers and magazines, the Internet provides another channel ______ people can access to various information.

A. through which B. of which

C. what D. that

7. ―Where did you find the book?

―It was on the playground ______ we often play basketball.

A. that B. which

C. where D. in which

8. A thought occurred to me ______ they might get lost in the forest.

A. which B. that

C. whom D. what