定语从句赏析

定语从句在高考中是从来未间断过的语法点，也是英语语法学习中的一大难关，在今后的高考试题中仍是考察的重点。为此要掌握好这一语法项目，除掌握定语从句的基础知识外，笔者认为应突破一下几个方面：

1.关系代词或关系副词

引导定语从句的关系代词及关系副词除了起连接先行词和从句的作用外，它们还有一个重要的作用，那就是它们分别在定语从句中的担当成分。确定关系代词或关系副词，最妙的办法莫过于：“代入先行词――分析句子结构――选择关系词”。

试比较下面的句子：

①、Do you still remember the days that/which we spent in Qingdao？

②、Do you still remember the days when we lived in Qingdao？

在句1中，把“the days”代入后面的从句，应为：……we spent the days in Qingdao？根据定语从句基本知识，先行词为物时，用that/which为引导词。在句2中，把“the days”代入后面的从句，应为：……we lived in Qingdao in the days.“in the days”在从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when。因为that/which只能代替the days 而不能代替in the days。

2.定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致。

2.1 当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，那么定语从句的谓语动词的数与形式应与先行词保持一致。

试比较下面两组句子：

① He is the only one of the teachers who is respected and loved by all the students.

他是唯一一位受所有学生尊敬与爱戴的老师。（受尊敬与爱戴的只有一位老师）

He is one of the teachers who are respected and loved by all the students.

他是受所有学生尊敬与爱戴的老师之一。（受尊敬与爱戴的不只一位老师）

② Titannic is one of the most wonderful movies that have been produced in Hollywood.

《泰坦尼克号》是好莱坞产生的最精彩的电影之一。

The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon.

长城是地球上唯一一个从月球上看到的建筑物。

2.2 当关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句内容时，若as与which作主语，则从句的谓语动词用单数形式。如：

① Great changes have taken place in China，as is known to all.

② He has passed the college entrance examination， which makes his parents quite happy.

2.3 其他情况

① I，who am your best friend，will try my best to help you out.

② To own a colour TV set in each family， which we thought was impossible twenty years ago，now becomes true.

③ Have you heard of the persons and things that are being talked about.

3.关系代词as，which的区别

定语从句中，as、which都可引导非限制性定语从句，当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时，只能用as.当定语从句放在主句后面时，也并不是as就永远等于which.

3.1 当定语从句是否定句或表示否定时，只能用which.如：

He failed the final exam，which was not expected.

3.2 当as 在从句中作主语时，后面常接动词的被动语态。如：be known、be said、be reported、be announced等，如果从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般用which作主语。如：

He has been absent again，as is expected.

Mary has passed the college entrance examination，which makes me very happy.

3.3 as任然保持作连词时常有的某种含义。如：

David is tall，as are my brothers. David 很高，我的弟弟们也一样。

He opposed the idea，as could be expected. 不出所料，他反对这个意见。

3.4 当非现制性定语从句的谓语是一个复合结构时，只能用which引导定语从句。如：

Rose is always late for school，which her teacher finds strange.

4.例题赏析

例1、If a shop has chairs______women can park their men，women will spend more time in the shop.

A.that B.which C.when D.where

[答案] D

[解析]：本定语从句可改写为：women can park their men on/in the chairs.由此可知先行词在句中作地点状语，故选where=on/in which.

例2、――Is that the small town you often refer to？

――Right，just the one you know I used to work for years.

A、that B、which C、where D、what

[答案] C

[解析]：句中you know 为插入语。这个句子可改写成I used to work in the town for years.In the town 需用关系副词where作为引导词。

例3、He is the only one of the students who a winner of scholarship for three years.

A、is B、are C、have been D、has been

[答案]D

[解析]：one由the only 修饰，连续三年获得奖学金的学生只有一人，故定语从句中谓语动词用has。

例4、Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play

Of course，made the others unhappy.

A、who B、which C、this D、what

[答案]B

[解析]：对于这类考题，把插入语去掉，就一目了然了。

例5、The film brought the hours back to me I was taken good care of in that faraway village.

A、until B、that C、when D、where

[答案] C

[解析]：本句的先行词the hour和定语从句被back to me 隔开了，弄清这一点，此题就显得很简单了。