体验澳洲土著文化

翻译：文涛

The 1)indigenous 2)inhabitants of Australia are known as Australian Aboriginals and have over 400,000 years of history. Aboriginal culture and its 3)intricate links with the Australian landscape has become a growing fascination to a global audience.

Australian Aborigines 4)migrated from somewhere in Asia at least 30,000 years ago. Though they comprise 500-600 5)distinct groups, speaking 250 languages and many more 6)dialects, Australian Aboriginals 7)possess some 8)unifying 9)associations. Among these are strong spiritual beliefs that tie them to the land, a 10)tribal culture of storytelling and art, and like other indigenous populations, a difficult 11)colonial history.

Australian Aboriginals have a spiritual culture that is 12)portrayed in every 13)aspect of life. The oral traditional of storytelling expresses the Aboriginals’vibrant cultural life. Songs 14)illustrate the beginning of the world and other tales of the land, while dances and 15)diagrams drawn in the sand 16)accompany oral tales.

In the Northern Territory, Aboriginal art includes 17)sculpture, 18)bark and rock paintings. At sites throughout the country, rock paintings and 19)etchings 20)testify to indigenous artistic traditions dating back at least 30,000 years and probably far longer. Many Aborigines earn a living through selling native artworks. Aboriginal artworks can be viewd in art 21)galleries throughout Australia. Much Aboriginal rock art is preserved in national parks.

As well as rock painting and etching, Australian Aboriginals have a long tradition of making and decorating artefacts. These range from musical instruments to weapons and wooden sculptures of 22)ancestral beings, birds, fish and animals.

Aboriginal music is often recognizable for its most famous instrument, the 23)didgeridoo, a wind instrument typically made from eucalyptus stems. It extends about five feet and produces a low, vibrating hum. Aborigines use didgeridoos in formal ceremonies at such events as sunsets, 24)circumcisions and 25)funerals.

Throughout Australia, Aboriginals are able to share their 26)insights into an ancient land. At Uluru (Ayers Rock) in Australia’s Red Center, Aboriginal guides help tourists to experience Australia from an Aboriginal 27)standpoint. Guides speak their traditional language with English translation provided by an experienced interpreter. They tell creation stories thousands of generations old and 28)demonstrate bush survival skills taught to them by their grandparents.

Australia’s original inhabitants occupy a unique place where a rich 29)heritage of traditional knowledge, practice and belief 30)underpin a 31)dynamic, 32)contemporary society. Today, Australia’s indigenous culture has become a 33)magnet for tourists. More people are drawn to this unique continent to seek a greater contact and understanding of what Australian Aboriginal culture is truly about.

澳大利亚的本土居民也被称为澳洲土著，他们拥有超过40万年的历史。土著文化及其与澳洲大地的复杂关系逐渐受到全球的关注。

在至少三万年前，澳洲土著从亚洲某地迁移至此。尽管澳洲土著由500至600个不同的种族组成，使用250种语言及许多方言，但他们拥有一些相同的联系，当中包括让他们与这块土地紧密相连的虔诚的精神信仰，讲故事和艺术方面的部落文化，以及与其它地方的土著人民一样，拥有一段辛酸的殖民血泪史。

澳洲土著的精神文化体现在生活的方方面面。讲故事的口述传统表达了澳洲土著丰富多彩的文化生活。土著歌曲讲述了世界万物的起源与其它关于土地的故事，而土著舞蹈与画在沙地上的图案则丰富了口述的故事。

在北领地，土著艺术包括雕刻、树皮画及岩画。遍布澳大利亚的岩画与蚀刻版画都可以追溯到至少三万年前或者更加久远，它们都为土著艺术传统提供了有力证据。许多土著人靠销售本土艺术作品来维持生计。在全澳大利亚各大艺术画廊里都可观赏到土著艺术作品。大部分土著岩画则被保存在国家公园内。

与岩画和蚀刻版画一样，澳洲土著拥有相当悠久的制造和装饰人工制品的传统。这些人工制品包括乐器、武器以及祖传人像、鸟、鱼和动物木雕。

土著音乐易于辨认的标志便是其最出名的乐器――迪吉里杜管。迪吉里杜管是一种用桉树茎制成的木管乐器，长度约5英尺，音色低沉浑厚。土著人在日落时分、割礼及葬礼等正式场合才会使用这种乐器。

遍布全国的澳洲土著都可以与外界分享他们对古老土地的看法。在澳大利亚的红土中心上的乌奴奴（艾雅斯岩），土著导游帮助游客从土著的角度去体验澳大利亚。导游使用他们的传统语言，由一名经验丰富的口译员提供英文翻译。他们会讲述数千代人传诵的创世故事，并展示祖辈传授给他们的丛林求生技巧。

澳大利亚本土居民占据了独一无二的地位，这是一份丰厚的历史遗产，其传统知识、实践经验以及信仰文化与一个动感活跃的当代文明相得益彰。如今，澳大利亚的本土文化已吸引了众多游客。许多人都被吸引到这块独特的大陆，他们到那里与澳洲土著文化更近距离地接触，并寻求对其更进一步的了解。