浅谈土地利用和管理中对信息化测绘技术的应用

On land use and management of surveying and mapping in information technology application

ChenXiaoHui

Guangdong huizhou surveying and mapping of the 516003 survey of land and resources

Abstract: information technology used in surveying and mapping of land use and management have an important position, along with to the precision of the land surveying and mapping and efficiency, and other aspects of the constantly increasing demand, some more mature modern high technology has been used to land management work. This paper briefly analyzes the information mapping technology in the land use and the management of applications.

Key words: the land use and management; Surveying and mapping technology; application

With the rapid development of our country's economic construction, land resource is nervous. Land as a non-renewable resources, the importance of its value is self-evident, country over its use and management gradually standard, government land acquisitions in the process of the measurement accuracy requirement also gradually improve. This has prompted the land administration department of surveying and mapping to adopt new technology to meet new requirements.

A, information of the development of the technology of surveying and mapping

Modern surveying and mapping learning also called the earth space informatics, is in computer technology and communication technology rapid development under the background of the build up to remote sensing technology, geographic information system, global positioning system is the main body and core. Its application field, including land resources investigation, land planning, land development, engineering construction, urban development, intelligent traffic, fine farming, environmental research, earth science, oceanography, and many other fields. Modern surveying and mapping the development of science with the progress of the surveying and mapping technology, set up by remote sensing, remote sensing, ground of remote sensing space remote sensing observation system (RS); By graphical image processing, spatial analysis technology, database technology integrated into the geographic information system (GIS); Accurate, real-time, all-weather for 3 d coordinates of global positioning system (GPS); A variety of measurement technology integration "3 S" technology; Implement automation, intelligence, and digital electronic measurement instrument of applications.

Modern information technology application of surveying and mapping of the land utilization and management important role in promoting the development of the surveying and mapping technology, improve the land utilization and management of development and perfection, promote the land utilization and management support means of progress and reform.

Second, information mapping technology in the land use and the management of applications

Information mapping technology in the land use and management of the major applications in cadastral, land information system, land management technology support and so on.

(a) cadastral new stage

Cadastre survey as an important technology of the land management means one, is the basis of land management technical support. As with GPS, as a representative of the modern electronic surveying and mapping instruments development and application of cadastral technical support entered a new phase.

(1) the GPS application

Global positioning system (GPS) development of the land surveying and mapping work brought the historical changes, especially in the cadastre control survey on the application of exert a great impact. Because GPS technology does not need the depending, in cadastral control survey in the process of using GPS technology, to avoid the cadastre control of the limitations of selection point. GPS system has the stationing of high precision, flexible, and fast speed, all-weather and advantage, in the measurement of cadastral control can be widely used. In cities cadastral investigation process, just use GPS measuring instrument accuracy and level control proper, control point with the selection of selecting requirements, the layout of the accuracy of GPS system can fully meet local cities cadastral investigation code requirements. Cadastral the detailed survey as cadastral investigation inalienable important component of the determination of each land ownership of the estate boundary location point, line, position and number, shape, etc. GPS technology into the cadastre detail measurement process, in the surveyed area for layout point using the technology, and can completely can satisfy the demand for the accuracy of cadastral procedures.

(2) a variety of measuring the integrated application of technology

GPS technology in cadastral surveying and mapping process with unique superiority, but it doesn't have completely in the short term completely replace the traditional surveying and mapping instruments and methods, especially the tachometer role. In some cases, must use the theodolite, station the tester and measurement. The most effective way of cadastral is in effect of GPS satellite reception cover areas use tachometer, the theodolite, rangefinder and so on, USES graphic intersection method, polar coordinating method, analytical intersection method, method of cadastral survey tools cubits, with such instruments and methods can speed up cadastral detail measuring progress. Accordingly, according to different object characteristics and measuring technology of surveying and mapping and the advantages of the surveying and mapping technology of the integrated application of surveying and mapping technology is the future direction of the research focus.

(3) to be automatic measurement system,

In recent years, in the automatic measurement system of research in the field of also made breakthrough progress. In cadastral surveying and mapping work application engineering automatic measurement system of experience and method can realize the data record and processing, the achievements and field measurement, drawing up the output of automation, integration, will all kinds of the most advanced technology to the integration of surveying and mapping after comprehensive application, will be cadastral comprehensive trend automation of the powerful technical support.

(2) land information system

Information science and technology development and application of the surveying and mapping is land information system (LIS) to establish and application technology foundation. And the construction of land management LIS is an important channel to modernize, also is the future of one of land management mainly rely on, set system engineering, modern management, network communication technology, the computer technology, database technology, GIS technology, as a whole, is the modern land use and management of the development direction.

(3) information mapping technology for sustainable utilization of land resources

In the implementation of sustainable use of land resource of the sustainable development of society is the important part of human anti-war is particularly important. Will modern surveying and mapping technology is applied to land resources management work, dash forward show its technology has become the huge advantage of department of land as principle of work.

(1) land resources survey

With conventional methods of soil and soil resources degradation investigation, land use and so on, often consume a lot of human, material and financial resources, had failed to meet the practical needs. Along with the development of modern surveying and mapping remote sensing technology, especially high resolution satellite remote sensing technology of successful application, in land resources survey showed the superiority of the outstanding, through the investigation of the remote sensing technology to regular know a regional land resource use and destruction, can serve as a basis for the use of science, control and protect the land resource of the scheme.

(2) the land resources dynamic monitoring

Remote sensing technology has strong macro, coverage, abundant comprehensive information, rapid, equal time advantages, decided it in land resources dynamic monitoring in an important role. "4 D" technology, the application of GIS and remote sensing or will the integration of remote sensing monitoring method is the most effective monitoring method. And the global positioning system technology in the change of land use factor space data acquisition are significant advantage.

(3) land planning

Information mapping technology in the land planning has a huge advantage, it is the fundamental project planning land technical means, used to obtain land planning need graphics and space information data of surveying and mapping. And remote sensing technology to acquire land is one of the important ways to attribute information. GIS is more information of source analysis and processing, is land management to planning decision technology platform. Will professional space analysis model and the GIS with land planning work, is an important means of GIS system integration of one. If can make full use of the multiple source information and programming model of land use and management to optimize and planning, can improve the utilization rate of land resources.

(4) precision agriculture

Deepening the connotation is using the sustainable utilization of land resources in a different way, its purpose is to improve the land resource use level, a promising plan is fine agriculture. "3 S" technology in the precision agriculture is of great importance, is precision agriculture can realize the basic technical conditions, including RS technology can provide water status, disease history, crop condition, and other aspects of the information; The GIS techniques more comprehensive information source analysis, proposed a solution. GPS technology is used for agricultural machinery operation command and control.

Three, and information technology development direction of surveying and mapping

The current information surveying and mapping science and technology have been extensively applied, but, with the surveying and mapping the progress of science and technology has the land use and management of difficulty, the increase of the work, the existing mapping technology to have the very big development prospects. The author thinks that, the research on information technology from the following points of surveying and mapping to start.

(1) intelligent and automation research. Information mapping technology is the development direction of intelligent and automation technology of wide application, intelligent and modernization of surveying and mapping of science and technology can make the land use and management of technical means more perfect and powerful, and improve a variety of surveying and mapping technology integration and gradually establish a decision support system, comprehensive land use and management of the application level.

(2) the information and the digital: digital information, knowledge economy is the inevitable demand of The Times, surveying and mapping technology is no exception. "Digital earth" to put forward, for surveying and mapping technology development is also a very important opportunity. RS, GIS, GPS, electronic surveying and mapping, and other modern surveying and mapping technology application, make land science constantly adapt to need time, the direction of the way to the information, in the construction of the "information superhighway" process to realize the adjustment of the subject, perfection and development.

(3) integration and systematic, comprehensive and integrated technology, science across and penetration makes mapping technology research method, theoretical foundation, technical support has made much progress, realized the development of the discipline of comprehensive, integrated and systematized.

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