浅谈提纲作文写作指南

时间:2022-05-06 12:25:49

浅谈提纲作文写作指南

一、考情分析

提纲作文是高考试题中最常见的书面表达命题方式之一,在高考中往往占据一半以上。通常会以中文、英文、中文+英文、文字+表格、文字+图片等不同形式给出要点,并要求考生根据所列要点组织语言,将所列要点完整、清晰地表达出来。

二、写作要点

1.认真审题和分析所给的提纲,认清题目和提纲之间的关系,然后确定文章的主题、大致内容以及文体。

2.每一个要点可以作为文章的一个段落层次。段落的展开应围绕提纲的中心和内容,不能偏离,也不能任意增减。

3.提纲只是对文章的提示和概括,不是主题句。考生需要根据提纲的性质,写出完整的、体现提纲主旨的句子,使之成为主题句,然后围绕主题句进行扩展。

4.搜集材料支持主题句。材料可以是例证、亲身经历、名人名言、谚语警句等。应当注意的是,所选材料要与文章的主题相符,即要“扣题”,同时要具有典型性,能充分说明问题。在有多个例证的段落中,还要注意各个例证之间的连贯性。

5.斟酌具体表达。结合要点的关键词来确定所选用的具体词汇及搭配。结合要点的内容以及所确立的文体本身的特点来选择使用何种句型。结合文体信息选择合适的句型,适时地交叉使用不同的句型也是一种需要培养的能力。

三、常用结构模板

In recent years, ×× has caused a heated debate on ________________.

The factors for________. First of all,________. Then, there comes a case that________. Moreover,________. Especially when________.

Indeed, these unique points can be collected to remind people that________. In this way, we should behave just like________.

四、常用句式

1.It is often said that...

2.It goes without saying that...

3.It can be easily proved that...

4.One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is...

5.I am of the opinion that...

6.The chief reason why...is that...

7.To take...for an example(instance)...

8.According to a latest study, it can be predicted...

9.Another special consideration in this case is that...

10.This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to...

五、典型考题

(2015年高考新课标全国I卷)假定你是李华,你校英文报“外国文化”栏目拟刊登介绍美国节日风俗和中学生生活的短文。请给美国朋友彼得写信约稿,要点如下:

1.栏目介绍;2.稿件内容;3.稿件长度:约400词;4.交稿日期:6月28日前。

注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;3.开头语已为你写好。

解析:本篇书面表达属于英文书信,根据提示信息要求写一封给美国朋友彼得写信的约稿,为学校英文报“外国文化”栏目刊登介绍美国节日风俗和中学生生活的文章。写作时注意以下几点:(1)仔细阅读有关提示,弄清试题提供的所有信息,明确三个要点。(2)建议Peter介绍美国节日风俗和中学生生活。(3)稿件的要求及时间。写作时根据要表达的内容确定句子的时态、语态,就本文而言应该用一般现在时态。(4)注意使用高级词汇和句式,以增加文章的亮点。

参考答案:

Dear Peter,

I'd like to ask you to write an article for our school’s English newspaper.

The “Foreign Cultures” section in our newspaper is very popular among us students. It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries. Would you please write something about the culture in your part of the United States? And we would especially welcome articles about how Americans spend their holidays and festivals, and the life of American high school students. You can write anything relevant so long as it’s interesting and informative. 400 words would be fine. Could we have your article before June 28?

I’m looking forward to hearing from you.

Yours, Li Hua

点评:本文结构紧凑,层次分明,而且使用了多种句式和结构。比如,It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries.运用了过去分词作后置定语; And we would especially welcome articles about how Americans spend their holidays and festivals, and the life of American high school students.运用了宾语从句。此外,文章还使用了大量习语和短语,如be popular among, so long as, look forward to , hear from等。

温馨提示:本篇书面表达考查大家所熟悉的提纲类作文,我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来。动笔前一定要认真分析要点,理解要点要表达的含义,不能遗漏要点,跑题偏题。本文中给出的要点比较具体,故需要准确表达。写作时注意准确运用时态,上下文意思连贯,符合逻辑关系,尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式,同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。文中巧妙地使用了一些固定句式和过渡词语,不仅增强了表达效果,而且实现了形式与内容的统一。

(作者单位:河南省平顶山市理工学校)

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