初中英语中v-ing(短语)面面观

在现代英语语法中, v-ing(短语)包括传统语法中的动名词(短语)和现在分词(短语)｡这种语法现象虽然在初一教材中已经出现,但却没有给出相关的解释和说明,常常令学生感到疑惑不解或不知所措｡此外,v-ing(短语)的用法也是各地中考试题的考查热点,因此有必要对它的用法加以归纳和总结,以便帮助广大学生更好地理解和掌握它｡

在初中英语中,v-ing(短语)主要有以下用法:

1. 与助动词be一起构成动词的现在进行时和过去进行时,即“am/is/are/was/were +v-ing”｡例如:

The baby is sleeping. 这孩子正在睡觉｡

They were talking when I went into the room. 我进屋时, 他们正在谈话｡

2. 作主语｡

(1) 置于句首作主语｡此时,谓语动词用单数形式｡例如:

Walking after supper is good for your health. 晚饭后散步对身体有好处｡

(2) 有时,为了保持句子结构的平衡,可用it作形式主语,而将作真正主语的v-ing(短语)放在句中或句尾｡例如:

It is no use copying the words so many times. 抄这么多遍单词没有用｡

3. 用作宾语｡

(1) 置于介词后作宾语｡例如:

Thank you for helping me. 谢谢你帮助我｡

(2) 跟在finish, mind, enjoy, practice, miss, keep等动词后面作宾语｡例如:

Have you finished reading the novel? 你读完那本小说了吗?

Do you mind closing the door? 把门关上,你介意吗?

4. 用作状语,表示原因､时间､方式､伴随状况等｡例如:

Seeing nobody at home， she decided to leave them a note. 因为看到没有人在家,她决定给他们留张便条｡(作原因状语)

Hearing the news， they all jumped with joy. 听到这个消息,他们都高兴得跳了起来｡(作时间状语)

A young man came here, holding an umbrella over his head. 一个年轻人打着伞走了过来｡(作方式状语)

Every day he sat there, thinking. 他每天坐在那里思考｡(作伴随状语)

5. 用作定语｡单个v-ing作定语,置于被修饰的名词之前; v-ing短语作定语,置于被修饰的名词之后｡例如:

The population of the developing countries is growing fast. 发展中国家的人口增长很快｡

Can you see the boy standing near the swimming pool? 你能看见站在游泳池附近的那个男孩子吗?

6. 用于某些固定短语中｡例如:

go shopping/fishing/skating/swimming， etc. 去购物/钓鱼/滑冰/游泳等; can’t help doing sth 忍不住做某事; stopfrom doing sth 阻止某人做某事; spend some time (in) doing sth 花费时间做某事; keepdoing sth 使某人长时间做某事; keep on doing sth 持续做某事succeed in doing sth 成功地做了某事; feel like doing sth 想做某事; be busy doing sth 忙于做某事; sth be worth doing 某事值得做

7. 在need, want, require等动词后面,用v-ing(短语)的主动形式,表示被动意义｡例如:

Your shoes need mending. 你的鞋需要修理了｡

Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了｡

8. 在stop, begin, start, forget, remember, like, go on等动词后既可以跟v-ing形式,也可以跟动词不定式,但意义和用法有所不同｡

(1) 在stop后面接v-ing(短语)时, stop为及物动词, v-ing作宾语,意为“停止做某事”｡而stop后接动词不定式时, stop为不及物动词, to do sth作目的状语,意为“停下正在做的事,去做某事”｡例如:

I was so tired and thirsty that I had to stop walking. 我又累又渴,因此不得不停下来不走了｡

It’s too hot now; let’s stop to have a rest. 天太热了,让我们停下来休息一会儿吧｡

(2) 在forget， remember后接v-ing(短语)时,表示“忘记或记得做过某事”;而接不定式(短语)时则表示“忘记或记着要去做某事”｡例如:

I remember putting the book on the desk. 我记得把书放在桌子上了｡

She forgot to post the letter. 她忘了寄这封信｡

(3) 在see, hear, find等动词后面接动词不定式作宾语补足语时,侧重于动作发生的全过程,而接v-ing(短语)时,则强调动作正在进行,和see, hear, find等所表示的动作同时发生｡例如:

Miss Yang often sees Li Lei help his classmates in the classroom. 杨老师经常看见李雷在教室里帮助同学｡

I heard someone singing in the park when I passed by. 我路过公园时听见有人正在唱歌｡

(4) 在like和love等动词后跟v-ing(短语)表示经常性或习惯性的行为或动作,跟动词不定式(短语)则表示某一具体的行为或动作｡例如:

He loves watching TV very much. 他很喜欢看电视｡

I like to play ping pong with you this afternoon. 我今天下午想和你打乒乓球｡