打造一个江南“绿都”

【前言】打造一个江南“绿都”由文秘帮小编整理而成，但愿对你的学习工作带来帮助。开化在生态战略中首先实行退耕还林，这一来最先涉及的是农民的利益。余贵勤老汉上世纪90年代以前，墙上挂着山苞谷，墙下堆着山红薯，人和牲畜的基本口粮都有了，但退耕还林后，损失虽能获补，家里的人畜生活来源断了！后来他在有关部门的指导下，承包了50多亩低矮山坡...

生态是环境也是品牌

浙江“西大门”开化，处于三省七县交界要地，山多地少，30多万人口散居于两千多平方公里的七山八岙之间。开化早先山清水秀，林木茂盛，直到上个世纪七八十年代，还能看到一排又一排木头方阵顺江漂流而下，这木材可是百姓的衣食之源，百姓的食宿、赋税、生老病死全靠木材。但是后来树砍多了，一座座山头犹如拔了毛的鸡，光秃秃的极易造成洪涝灾害和水土流失，老百姓形容说：“开山到山尖，平地叫皇天。”

开化的生态遭到了破坏，不但使百姓生活遭受贫困，更让钱塘江源泉受到严重威胁！开化古称“歙饶屏障”，水系横跨钱塘江和长江两大流域。她像母亲的乳汁，源源不断哺育着下游的儿女。钱塘江发源于开化齐溪镇莲花尖，全长640公里。源头周围层层叠叠覆盖着浓绿，挺拔林木在云雾缭绕中若隐若现，翠绿的青竹漫山遍野，后来由于忽视林木的休养生息，乱砍乱伐，钱江源头地逐渐显出枯竭之态！开化县委县政府充分认识到“寸树斗水丈地湿”的道理，一旦山头光秃，必致源头枯竭，这样便对不起钱江流域的父老乡亲。只有生态立县，摒弃传统的“砍树卖钱”，从根本上保护与拓展绿色，才是百姓真正的出路，也是对钱江流域父老乡亲的最好交代！

开化县委县政府对“生态立县”发展战略的有利条件和制约因素作了系统分析，并于1998年在全国率先提出“生态立县”战略，喊响了：生态是环境、是资源、是商品、是品牌、是特色、是市场，生态环境就是生产力！

为了送出一江清水

开化在生态战略中首先实行退耕还林，这一来最先涉及的是农民的利益。余贵勤老汉上世纪90年代以前，墙上挂着山苞谷，墙下堆着山红薯，人和牲畜的基本口粮都有了，但退耕还林后，损失虽能获补，家里的人畜生活来源断了！后来他在有关部门的指导下，承包了50多亩低矮山坡种了杨梅，又套种作物，以短补长，到了第三年，杨梅开始结果，第四年获得大丰收。相比于刀耕火种玉米红薯，余老汉屈指一算，竟多赚3000多元，这下子他高兴了，认识到真正能让农民致富的，还是生态农业！

为了防止钱江源头的污染，开化又推出鼓励山民下山脱贫举措。钱江源头最高的村叫枫楼田，在高山水库的南侧，海拔千米。枫楼田有九级瀑布凌空而下，恢宏壮观，四周有参天古树，殷红的山花与幽静的深潭浑然一体，人称“九瀑十八潭”。在这个美丽的自然保护区内，有200多村民祖祖辈辈居住于此，他们平日里油、盐、酱、醋，化肥、农药、建材都要到一个多小时路程以外的山下购买。为洁净源头，政府要求全村移民。村里的年青人举双手同意，可是老人们不乐意，他们眷恋于满山的毛竹、树木，也眷恋这里凉爽的气候。政府针对这一情况从贴近生活的小事开展工作，积极为他们下山创造条件。这些年来，开化县投入资金4.48亿元，完成了“高、远、边”地带生态移民，让48个自然村、5958户人家搬到了56个生态移民小区和移民点生活，让他们的泥墙棚屋――换成了砖墙洋房。

与此同时，开化还投入数亿元资金，整修全县千座小水库，并在城内修建标准防洪堤十多公里，并新建污水处理厂进行污水再生利用。通过水治理，开化当前的水资源总量和人均资源占有量，分别是全国、全省人均占有量的3倍多。县控断面水环境、交界断面水质达标率100%，2006年6月，开化县连续30个月保持了Ⅱ类水出境，高于省定要求。

为保证送出一江清水，开化还特别注重治污达标，把企业改制、结构调整、关停企业与科技创新、技术改造相结合。开化县造纸厂是最早关闭的国有企业，这个厂建于60年代末，固定资产累积达亿元，年利税1000万元。1997年关闭时，厂里许多工人不肯离去，但他们最终还是识大局，顾大体；开化皇峰水泥有限公司年产值1.05亿元，年利税2000万元，因为排放超标，2005年也被关闭。从1997年开始，为了送出一江清水，开化县先后忍痛关闭了“十五小”等污染环境企业180家，关闭企业的年总产值达13.4亿元，年利税2.67亿元。

一片绿意在“玉壶”

生态立县让开化转穷为富，如今开化龙顶茶早已名扬四海，食用菌、绿化苗木、高山蔬菜、竹业、蚕桑等发展迅速，开化对他们的农特产品打的“钱江源”品牌已是妇孺皆知，龙顶名茶等无公害、绿色、有机食品基地已成规模，成了开化农民主要经济收入。

富起来的开化人领略到了大自然的回报。这些年自实施生态立县以来，经济基本竞争力在全国排名由2001年的第953位上升到2006年的第498位，前移了455位，人均生产总值由1000美元向3000美元过渡。农民的人均纯收入增加了，生态质量也明显提高了，城镇人均公共绿地面积达36.79平方米，全县森林覆盖率从建国初的30.9%提高到80.2%。旅游业也以“钱江源”为品牌，通过展示钱江源国家森林公园及古田山国家级自然保护区等，人们对开化的山、开化的水、开化的空气赞口不绝。生态立县让开化走出了一条经济、社会、生态效益相统一的发展路子，改变了农民的谋生致富理念。发展经济的思路产生了深刻的变化。

开化一片绿意，满目青翠，一条芹江长波浩荡，把开化城托在了碧波荡漾的江水里。一位作家叹道：“走在细雨飘零的山道上，暮春的色彩却依旧残留在万绿丛中，开化是江南绿都，张扬的是绿，推销的是绿，呵护的也是绿。开化的绿是群山铺设的，开化的绿不是一种点缀，开化的绿渗透在骨子里。”开化在送出一江清水的同时，奉献出开化百姓的一片赤诚之心。

Riverhead Sees Afforestation Again

By Sun Hongqi

Kaihua County, Zhejiang Province's western gate, borders two other provinces and six other counties. The 300,000 residents live in villages and towns across seven mountains and eight valleys that cover an area of over 2,000 square kilometers. For centuries, local people lived on trees. As late as the 1980s, rafts made of timbers floating from Kaihua down the Qiantang River were still a common sight. This way of life did a great harm to the county. Mountains were stripped of forests and floods became more and more frequent and fierce. Land erosion became worse.

What is more, the worsening ecology in the county was harming the 640-kilometer-long Qiantang River, which starts in Kaihua County.

The county government became aware of the importance of ecological protection. In 1998, ecological protection as a principle of overriding importance was adopted.

The first thing the government did was to plant trees in farming fields which had been opened up through deforestation. Before the reforestation, Yu Guiqin could manage to produce enough for a living, though it was not much. After the reforestation, he received government subsidy to make up for his loss, but he did not have grain to eat. Under the guidance of the government, he contracted over 3 hectares of low hills where he planted waxberry trees and planted some cash crops between the waxberry trees. In the third year, he began to harvest waxberry and in the fourth year, he had a bumper harvest. At the end of that year, he found he had made 3,000 yuan more than before afforestation. He was happy with the ecological farming.

To prevent pollution at the riverhead, villagers in mountains have been encouraged to move out.The government has built 56 new communities with an investment of 448 million yuan and relocated 5,958 households in 48 villages. The county has also spent several hundred millions on refurbishing thousands of small-scaled reservoirs across the county to prevent water pollution. Up to June, 2006, the county had kept quality of the waters up to grade II for 30 months.

The county has also shut down 180 factories that discharged heavy pollutants. Though the aggregate amount of 1.34 billion yuan as the total output value contributed by these shutdown factories was gone, the county has been greener and has become economically stronger in these years. New pillar products such as edible fungi, tree seedlings, mountain vegetables, bamboo, silkworm, etc, are not only ecological but also profitable. Their developments are growing with great momentum. On the other hand, tourists are flocking to the beautiful county to see the riverhead and breathe its fresh air.

At the latest national survey, the county moved fast up from number 953 in 2001 up to number 498 in 2006 in terms of the basic economic competitiveness. The annual per capita GDP is now moving toward 3,000 US dollars.

(Translated by David)