从细节入手做好阅读理解题

我们学习英语的一个重要目的是获取信息，而阅读是我们获取外界信息的重要途径之一，因此阅读理解是各地中考英语题型之一，其比重也越来越大，题型丰富，范围广，体裁多样化。但无论怎样变化，阅读理解题中对文章细节的理解是常考的，主要目的是考查我们是否读懂了文章所描述的内容。这类题虽然简单，但我们在实际的考试中常出错。那么如何做好这类题呢？下面以2012年重庆市中考英语卷阅读理解D篇为例，加以说明。

①A punctual person is in the habit of doing a thing at the correct time and is never late for anything.

②An unpunctual man never does what he has to do at the right time. He is always in a hurry and in the end loses both time and his good name. A lost thing may be found again, but lost time can never be got back. Time is more useful than material things. In fact, time is life itself. An unpunctual man is always wasting his most important things as well as others’. An unpunctual person is always saying unhappily that he finds no time to answer letters or return calls. But the man who really has much to do is very careful of his time. He knows that he cannot finish all his work unless he carefully does every piece of work.

③Being unpunctual is the sign of disrespect (不尊重) towards others. If a person is invited to dinner and arrives later than the time when he should be there, he keeps all the other guests (客人) waiting for him. Usually this will be thought as a great disrespect to the host and all the other guests.

④Not like a punctual person, an unpunctual one can’t do his duty wonderfully, whether it is public or personal. Imagine how it would be if those who should do important tasks failed to be on time. A man who is known to be often unpunctual is never believed by his friends or fellow men.

( )62. The Chinese meaning of the word “punctual” in this passage is probably “ ”.

A. 听话的 B. 守时的

C. 守纪律的 D. 能干的

( )63. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. An unpunctual person often has more time.

B. An unpunctual person has more work to do.

C. A punctual person often has a busy life.

D. A punctual person often does his work wonderfully.

( )64. When you are invited to dinner, you’d better arrive there .

A. in a hurry

B. after the host

C. at the decided time

D. before other guests

( )65. From the passage, we learn that an unpunctual man usually in the end.

A. saves time for others

B. leaves his family and friends

C. gets his chances and knowledge

D. loses his time and good name

一、猜测词义很重要。

任何一篇阅读短文不可能没有生词，而在阅读过程中一碰到生词就查词典也不可能，因为这样既不能保持阅读的连贯性，又会影响阅读的速度和对文章的整体理解。解决这个极普遍的问题最为有效的途径是学会猜词，可以利用同义词、反义词、构词法、同义结构、词语搭配、上下文等来猜测确定词义。

正确理解这篇文章，最关键的词就是第62题所给的词“punctual”，只有理解了它，后面的题就好办了。通过阅读第①段，找出最关键的词“correct time”和“never late”，我们就不难理解，正确答案应该是B。

二、寻找主题句，把握全文

大多数阅读材料均有主题句，用以说明文章的主旨，读懂它即了解了文章的重点内容，其它文字大多是围绕主题展开说明。运用演绎法的文章，主题句往往在开头；采用归纳法的文章，主题句一般在句尾，如说明文和议论文的段落一般都有主题句，而且大多数位于每段开头，当然也有主题句置于文章中间的，这需结合上下文仔细推敲。文章第③段的主题句是第一句：Being unpunctual is the sign of disrespect towards others. 第64题的A、B、D都是the sign of disrespect towards others，只有C是正确的。有时可以根据我们的常识就可以判断的。

我们阅读文章的第二段的第一句就知道第65题的答案应该是D。

三、利用wh-questin，快速理解文章。

我们在阅读时要充分注意文中的人（who）、干什么（what）、如何（how）、什么时候（when）、在哪儿（where）等，还有用句式Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? 加深对文章细节的理解。

这篇文章作者给出了两类人：an unpunctual person和a punctual person。只要我们按照上面的方法列出这两类人的特点，就不难完成第63题。我们可以用排除法：通过阅读第②段中的“He is always in a hurry”，可以知道A、C是错误的；阅读第④段句首的“Not like a punctual person, an unpunctual one can’t do his duty wonderfully”，就可知道D项是正确的。

对文章细节的理解，是阅读理解题中较简单的一种，但也容易出错。做题时，我们要从文中找出事实与特定的细节，运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。当然养成良好的阅读习惯才是关键。