动名词用法例析

1．动名词由“动词+ ing”构成;具有动词和名词的性质;在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。

1)作主语。例如:

Seeing is believing.

Laying eggs is the ant queen’s fulltime job.

It is no use arguing with him.

注意：动名词和不定式都可以作主语，动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。例如：

Playing with fire is dangerous．(泛指玩火)

To play with fire will be dangerous．(指一具体动作)

但在 It is no use／good，not any use／good，useless等后必需用动名词。

2)作表语。例如：Her job is teaching.

3)作宾语。例如： He is fond of playing football．

I like swimming.

注① admit，appreciate，avoid，consider, delay, dislike，enjoy，escape, excuse，face，feel. like，finish，forgive，give up, imagine，include，keep，mention，mind，miss，practise，put off，resist, risk，suggest，cant help，cant stand(无法忍受)等动词后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式。

注② forget，go on，like，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等动词可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。

I remember doing the exercise. (我记得做过练习。)

I must remember to do it.(我必须记着做这事。)

I tried not to go there．(我没法不去那里。)

I tried doing it again. (我试着又干了一次。)

Stop speaking. (不要讲话。)

He stopped to talk. (他停下来讲话。)

I mean to come early today. (我打算今早些来。)

Missing the train means waiting for another hour．

(误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时。)

注③在 allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后直接跟动词作宾语时，要用动名词形式，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，然后再跟动词作宾语补足语时，其宾语补足语用带 to的不定式。例如：

We dont allow smoking here.

We dont allow students to smoke.

注④动词 need，require，want作“需要”解，其后跟动词作它的宾语时，必须用动名词，或不定式的被动式。这时，动名词的主动式表示被动意义。例如：

The window needs (requires，wants) cleaning (to be cleaned).

注⑤在短语 devote to，look forward to，stick to，to be used to，object to，thank you for，excuse me for，be( kept) busy，be worth，have difficulty／trouble／problem (in)，have a good／wonderful／hard time(in)，theres no use／good／need，feel／look／seem／like／get down to等后的动词也必须用动名词形式。例如：I look forward to hearing from you soon.

注⑥在 love，hate，prefer等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别。

但说话人有所指的时候，通常用不定式。

注⑦start，begin，continue在书面语中多后接动名词，在口语中多后接不定式。

注⑧在 should(would) like／ love等后须用不定式。

4)作定语．例如：He has a reading room.

2．动名词的复合结构

动名词的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格，名词所有格或普通格加动名词构成。在句子开头必须用名词所有格或物主代词。例如:

His coming made me very happy．

Marys crying annoyed him.

She didnt mind his crying．

Is there any hope fo Xiao Wangs winning．

3．动名词的时态和语态

动名词的时态分一般式和完成式两种，如果动名词的动作没有明确地表示出时间是与谓语动词同时发生或在谓语动作以前发生，用动名词的一般式。例如:

We are interested in playing chess.

His coming will be of great help to us．

如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，通常用动名词的完成时态。例如:

Im sorry for not having kept my promise.

但是在某些动词或词组后，常用动名词的一般形式，尽管其动作是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生的。例如：主语是这个动名词表示的动作的对象时，动名词用被动语态。被动语态由“ being+过去分词”或“ having been+过去分词”构成。后一种一般避免使用。例如：

He likes being helped.

He was afraid of being left at home.

注：在 to be worth doing句型中，动名词 doing表示的是被动意义。例如：The book is worth reading．

（作者单位：湖北省仙桃市田家炳实验高中）