动名词用法问答

时间:2022-06-30 02:47:49

问:动名词是不是名词?

答:回答你的问题之前,我们先来看一道高考题:

―What do you think made Mary so upset?

―________ her new bicycle.

A. As she lost B. Lost

C. Losing D. Because of losing

题目答案选C。答句的完整形式为:Losing her new bicycle made Mary so upset。这是一个典型的用动名词作主语的句子。主语一般可由名词充当,如: Her failure made her upset,但该句用了动词短语lose her new bicycle的-ing形式作为句子主语,可见动词的-ing形式可以起名词的作用,但同时动名词又可以有自己的宾语、修饰语和逻辑主语等,也有时态和语态的变化,因此,与普通名词相比,它能表达更为丰富的意义。

问:那动名词可以充当哪些句子成分呢?

答:名词可以充当的成分动名词都可以充当。具体来说,有以下几种:

1. 作主语

例如:Taking on more responsibilities is what every country should do. 承担更多责任是各国应做之事。(动名词短语taking on作主语,且有自己的宾语responsibility。)

2. 作表语

例如:His job is collecting old coins and stamps. 他的工作是收集旧硬币和邮票。

【注意】动名词短语作表语,表示一般的、习惯性的行为;动词不定式短语作表语,表示具体的、一次性的行为。

例如:His job today is to help the boss collect some important papers. 他今天的工作是要帮老板收集一些重要的文件。

3. 作宾语

例如:Many people have suggested setting up rules to protect animal rights. 很多人都建议制定规则以保护动物权益。(setting up作谓语have suggested的宾语。)

【注意】(1) 很多动词和动词短词后只能接动名词,而不能接动词不定式作宾语,常见的有:appreciate, consider, admit, imagine, mind, permit, suggest, recommend, quit, can’t help, give up等。

例如: I’m considering making some changes to my plan. 我正在考虑对我的计划作些改变。

(2) 在“need/want/require + doing”结构中,动名词具有被动含意,相当于to be done等。

例如:My hair needs cutting, but I hate waiting at the barber’s shop. 我的头发应该理了,但我不喜欢在理发店里等。

(3) 动词try, stop, remember, forget, mean, regret等之后可接动名词,也可接动词不定式作宾语,但意思不一样,如:

try doing sth. 尝试做某事;try to do sth. 尽力去做某事

stop doing sth. 停止做某事;stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事

remember doing sth. 记得做了某事;remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事

forget doing sth. 忘了做过某事;forget to do sth. 忘了要去做某事

mean doing sth. 象征着某事,意味着某事;mean to do sth. 打算做某事,想要做某事

regret doing sth. 后悔做了某事;regret to do sth. 遗憾要去做某事

(4) 动名词亦可作介词宾语

例如:It’s important for parents and young people to learn how to get through each other and develop skills in understanding and being understood. 父母与青年人学会相互沟通,增进理解与被理解的能力是十分重要的。(介词in之后的understanding和being understood均为动名词充当的宾语,一个表示主动,另一个表示被动。)

The thief entered the room without being seen. 小偷进了房间,未被人发现。(the thief是see这一动词的承受者,所以用了被动式being seen作without的宾语。)

3. 动名词作定语

例如:Are you satisfied with the working conditions here? 您对这里的工作条件是否满意?

类似的表达有很多,如:dressing table(梳妆台)、magnifying glass(放大镜)、sleeping pill(安眠药)。

问:与动名词有关的句型、表达法有哪些?

答:了解动名词的基本用法,理解与动名词有关的句型就比较简单了,常见的有:

1. It is no use/good doing sth., It is a joy/pleasure doing sth. , It is hard work doing sth., It is worthwhile doing sth.

这四个句型中的动名词充当句子主语,但为了保持句子的平衡,使用了形式主语it。

例如:It is no use crying over the spilt milk. 覆水难收。

2. There is no + doing sth.

该句型意思相当于It is impossible to do sth.,表示“某事不可能做到”。

例如:There is no holding back the wheel of history. 历史的车轮不能倒转。(= It is impossible to hold back the wheel of history.)

There is no turning back. 永不回头。(= It is impossible to turn back.)

3. 动名词还常用于一些动词短语,如:do reading, do shopping, do washing等。

4. 用于告诫语,如“严禁做某事”,如no spitting(禁止吐痰), no trespassing(禁止践踏), no scribbling on the wall(禁止涂鸦)等。

问:在使用动名词时还需要注意什么?

答:要注意动名词的逻辑主语和动名词复合结构现象。试比较下面两个句子:

(1) Would you mind opening the window?

(2) Would you mind my opening the window?

在一般情况下,句子的主语就是动名词的逻辑主语。句(1)中you mind opening是语法上的主谓宾,而you... opening the window则是逻辑上的主谓宾。因此,句(1)意为:请您把窗子打开,您介不介意?

在句(2)中,动名词opening前加了一个my,句意发生了变化。物主代词、名词所有格可用来表示动名词的逻辑主语。此时打开窗子已经变成“我”的动作,相当于Would you mind if I open the window?因此,句(2)意为:我把窗子打开,您介不介意?

如果不是出现在句首,动名词的动作主体也可用名词普通格、名词所有格、人称代词的宾格来表示。

例如:Is there any hope of Xiao Li winning the championship? 小李有可能获得冠军吗?(介词of的宾语winning前出现了其动作的发出者Xiao Li)

I don’t mind his/him listenning to the music. 他听音乐我并不介意。(动名词listen动作的发出者是him)

I regret not having taken his advice. 我很后悔,当初没有接受他的劝告。(动名词having taken动作发出者是句子主语I)

如动名词前没有物主代词,也没有名词的所有格、人称代词宾格、名词普通格,那么句中的主语就应该被视为动名词的动作主体。not having taken是带not的主动语态的完成式,完成式用来表示谓语动词之前发生的动作。

单项选择。

1. ________ here at the top of the mountain with no one else near you must be very lonely.

A. Live B. Living

C. To live D. To be living

2. I didn’t mean __________ you angry.

A. to make B. making

C. to be making D. to be made

3. Michael never dreamt of ________ for him to be sent abroad very soon.

A. being a chance

B. there’s a chance

C. there to be a chance

D. there being a chance

4. The party was successful, but we thought it a pity not ________ you.

A. invite B. to invite

C. inviting D. to have invited

5. I remember ________ to Paris when I was a little child.

A. being taken B. having taken

C. to take D. to be taken

keys:1-5 BADDA

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