高考非谓语动词考查小结(上)

时间:2022-08-30 02:16:14

高考非谓语动词考查小结(上)

非谓语动词是历年高考考查的热点,其用法较灵活,且多与对动词其他形式的考查同时进行,很多同学觉得较难掌握,笔者结合最新高考试题将非谓语动词的考查热点总结如下,希望对大家备战2013年高考有所帮助。

热点一、 非谓语动词作状语

例1. George returned after the war, only that his wife had left him. (2012 山东卷)

A. to be told B. telling C. being told D. told

例2. an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you’ll regret it sooner or later. (2012江苏卷)

A. Based B. Basing C. Base D. To base

例3. to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. (2012 重庆卷)

A. Having been asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. to be asked

例4. This machine is very easy . Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.(2012 辽宁卷)

A. operating B. to be operating C. operated D. to operate

【答案与解析】 1. A 2. B 3. A 4. D

例1考查only to do 作结果状语。例2考查分词作原因状语,主句的主语you与base是主动关系,故用现在分词。例3的句意为:由于那天晚上叫我加班了,我错过了一场精彩的电影。I与ask是被动关系,且动作已经发生,故选A。例4 考查be +easy/ difficult/ hard/good... to do 句型,to do的主动形式表被动。

【归纳与总结】

不定式作状语时往往用来表示目的、结果或原因。作目的状语时可放于句首;作结果状语时常用“only + to do”形式,表示出乎意料的结果,而现在分词作状语则表示自然而然的结果;在be + easy / difficult / hard / good... to do 句型中to do的主动形式表被动含义。例如:

Her husband died, leaving her 5 children. 她丈夫去世了,留下了五个孩子给她。

I hurried to the station, only to find that the train had left. 我匆忙赶往车站,结果火车已经开走了。

The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to sit on. 这把椅子看起来很硬,但实际上坐起来很舒服。

(1) 现在分词、过去分词作状语,可表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随状况等,现在分词与主句的主语之间一般具有逻辑上的主谓关系即主动关系,过去分词则具有逻辑上的动宾关系即被动关系。

(2) doing形式表示主动的一般性的动作或正在进行的动作;done形式表示被动,一般不强调时间先后;having done形式表示主动,强调从句动作先于主句动作发生;being done形式表示被动,强调主句动作与从句动作同时发生; having been done形式表示被动, 强调从句动作先于主句动作发生。例如:

Knowing his address, we can get in touch with him. 我们知道他的地址,能和他联系上。

Written in simple English, the book is easy to read. 这本书的文字简单,读起来很容易。

Being used by me now, the bike can’t be lent to you. 这辆车我正用着,不能借给你。

Having been used for many years, the bike needs repairing. 这辆车已经骑了很多年了,现在需要修理。

【巩固练习】

1. Pressed from his parents, and that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games. (2012福建卷)

A. realizing B. realized C. to realize D. being realized

2. with care, one tin will last for six weeks.(2012 北京卷)

A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use

3. Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to the new students. (2012江西卷)

A. speaking B. having spoken C. to speak D. to have spoken

4. in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad.(2012 陕西卷)

A. Standing B. To stand C. Stood D. Stand

5. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only his plane high up in the sky. (2012四川卷)

A. finding B. to find C. being found D. to have found

6. He got up late and hurried to his office, the breakfast untouched. (2012天津卷)

A. left B. to left C. leaving D. having left

Keys:1~6 ACCABC

热点二、 状语从句的省略

例5. Film has a much shorter history, especially when ______ such art forms as music and painting. (2012全国卷)

A. having compared to B. comparing to C. compare to D. compared to

【答案与解析】 D。film 与compare 之间是被动关系。

【归纳与总结】

(1)当时间或条件状语等从句中的主语与主句的主语一致或主语是it 时,且从句中有be动词的某种形式时,从句可使用when / while+doing / done的省略形式。例如:

Once heard, the songs will never be forgotten.

= When they are heard once, the songs will never be forgotten.

While working, he stopped to talk with me at times.

= While he was working, he stopped to talk with me at times.

If necessary, you should turn to your parents for help.

= If it is necessary, you should turn to your parents for help.

【巩固练习】

When for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. (2012 安徽卷)

A. asking B. asked C. having asked D. to be asked

Key: B

热点三、 “with+宾语+to do/ doing /done” 的复合宾语结构形式

例6. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog them. (2012辽宁卷)

A. to follow B. following C. followed D. follows

【答案与解析】 B。their pet dog与follow之间是主动关系,故用following作宾语补足语。

【归纳与总结】

(1) “with+宾语+to do/doing/done”的复合宾语结构形式在句中作状语表示条件、伴随、原因等,动词与宾语之间是主动关系,用现在分词形式,被动关系用过去分词形式,动作将要发生用不定式形式。例如:

With so many students looking at him, he felt shy. 有这么多学生看着他,他觉得害羞。

With the work done, he went home. 工作完成后,他回家了。

With you to help us, we will finish the task in time. 有你来帮助我们,我们将及时完成任务。

(2) 在这个结构中宾语补足语还可以是形容词、副词、名词、介词短语等。

【巩固练习】

—Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.

—Sorry, With so much work my mind, I almost break down.

A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled

Key: B

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