高考阅读真题讲座(四)

2012年江苏卷高考英语阅读理解的B篇是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国农业正面临农民少，年龄大的问题，同时缺少专业从事农业生产的大学生。很多专家认为全球农业有着良好的发展机遇，希望更多的大学生从事与农业相关的工作。

【答案和解析】

59. A。细节理解题。本题可以直接在文中找到答案。根据第一段第三句The country’s farmers are getting older， and there are fewer people standing in line to take their place可知，美国农业正面临农民越来越少，年龄越来越大的挑战。故选择A项。细节理解题属浅层理解题，一般在通读全文的基础上根据某一句或几句可以在文章中直接或间接找到答案，有时答案不一定与阅读材料内容一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句子表达相同的意思。

60. D。细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句...is making stops at universities across the country in hopes of encouraging more students to think about careers in agriculture可以直接得出答案，Merrigan访问大学是想鼓励更多的大学生从事农业生产行业。故选择D项。

61. C。推理判断题。根据第五段中Global demand is at an all?time record high， and global supplies are at all?time record lows内容可推断Matt Rush认为，全球对农业的需要达到了最高，而全球的供应则达到了最低，因此在农业上投资肯定会获利。故选择C项。做推理判断题首先要以文字为依据，此外还要以文章的语境、内涵为前提。我们只有由表及里地归纳或演绎，才能做出合乎逻辑的推理。

62. C。句意理解题。根据最后一段第二句中...this is a new time in agriculture—will motivate the next generation...可推断，此处表示的是“全球农业有着良好的发展机遇，农业的新时机将会激励下一代来参与，即农民的平均年龄将会年轻化”，所以画线短语的句意是“减小农民的平均年龄”。故选择C项。猜测词义与句意可以利用上下文、通过下文所举的例子或说明猜测词义、通过对应结构或者平行结构中的同义词或者反义词来猜测词义、根据关联词（but， however， yet， not only...but also， at the same time等）对比、转折关系猜测词义、因果关系猜测词义。

【语言亮点】

1. In addition， a growing world population that some experts predict will require 70% more food production by 2050， she said.

本句用插入语“in addition”来表示递进关系。在书面表达中，巧用过渡性词汇，能使整篇文章上下衔接自然、紧凑，使文章有一定的流畅性，以使文章层次清晰，行文连贯。类似的表示递进关系的单词与短语有：also， besides， furthermore， what’s more， what’s worse， worse still， to make things worse等。

例如：First of all， parents should be a role model for their children and pay more attention to their own words and behavior. Besides， they must trust their children and often communicate with them. 首先，家长应该是他们孩子的榜样，并且更注重自己的言行。此外，他们也必须要相信他们的孩子，并经常与他们交流。

2. The Department of Agriculture has programs aimed at developing more farmers and at increasing interest in locally grown food.

本句用“aimed at developing more farmers and at increasing interest in locally grown food”这一过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰其前的名词“programs”。在书面表达中，巧用高级语法，能提升文章的表达档次。学生应掌握一些表达效果好，使用场合广，操作简便易行的较高级语法与词法，如用分词作状语和定语、动词不定式、强调句、感叹句、with复合合结构等形式来提高文章的档次，提高文章的品位。

3. Never before have we had the innovations in technology which have led to agriculture in this country being the most efficient it has ever been.

本句是个倒装句，把否定副词“never”放在句首时，句子要部分倒装。使用这一结构能使文章错落有致，并给人耳目一新的感觉。

2. 词数：150左右；

3. 参考词汇：拼搏精神determination；培养cultivate；挫折setback

【参考范文】

Born in Nantong， Jiangsu Province on December 12， 1992， Chen Ruolin took up diving at the age of four. Since then， she has been training hard and overcoming whatever difficulty. She won two gold medals at the 2012 London Olympic Games. It is her great determination that has led her to success.

In my opinion， determination is very important in our lives. It encourages us to move forward， especially during our hard times. This quality enables us to face difficulty bravely and never do we run away from it. Thus we can stick to our goals and succeed eventually.

It is not easy to cultivate determination. Above all， we must hold a belief that everyone has the potential to achieve success. We shouldn’t be discouraged when faced with setbacks. Actually， failure can teach us a lot. In addition， there are quite a few people with this spirit we can learn a lot from.